1. Presentation of Architecture Assembly Language Topic: Assembly Language Group Members: Izaz Ahmad Roll no.6 Imanullah Roll no.54

2. Assembly language: A programming language that uses symbolic names to represent operations, registers and memory locations. Slightly higher-level language Readability of instructions is better than machine language One-to-one correspondence with machine language instructions Better understanding software and hardware interaction. Optimization of processing time (reduce processing time). Assembly language is only language which also Embedded programming. Example in telephone set assembly language is used, It is an embedded programming direct interact with hardware.

3. Symbols are used assembly language. Mnemonics/keywords are used,example “add” I s use for addition, ”sub” is use for subtraction. Low level language close to machine language. It is important to remember that a machine language and its associated assembly language are completely machine dependent.

4. High level language Assembly language Machine language Hardware Object file(source code )

5. Mechanism Object file(source code ) Machine code Assembly language Assembler(change newfile.obj) High level language(newfile.cpp) Compiler(after compileng change extension into newfile.asm)

8. Tools use for assembly language Assemblers — there are a lot of assemblers available — here are a few of the most popular free and open source assemblers:a lot of assemblers available NASM (The Netwide Assembler) NASM FASM (flat assembler) FASM TASM( Turbo Assembler) MASM(Microsoft Macro Assembler)

9. IDEs for assembly language SASM, Simple crossplatform IDE for NASM, MASM, GAS, FASM assembly languages SASM Fresh IDE, visual assembly language IDE with built- in FASM assembler Fresh IDE WinAsm Studio, a free IDE for developing 32-bit Windows and 16-bit DOS programs using the Assembler WinAsm Studio Visual MASM. Visual MASM

10. Simple programe Creating Source file:- First write the program using a text editor save the file with.asm extension (e.g. newfile.asm). Assembly process:- Once the source file is created next step is to assemble it by using ‘tasm’ command as shown below. C:\tasm> tasm newfile.asm Linking Process:- In the LINK step, the linker reads the object file, called obj, as input and creates the executable file, called newfile.exe and link map file. Here is the command: C:\tasm> tlink newfile.obj

11. Executing the program:- Then the program can be run by just typing the name or with.exe extension. C:\tasm> newfile.exe