1. Aim: How Did the Cold War Almost Turn Hot in Cuba?
Do Now: What do you know about Cuba? What would you like to know?

6. I Fidel Castro
1959, Fidel Castro came to power in an armed revolt that overthrew Cuban dictator and American ally Fulgencio Batista. The U.S. distrusted Castro because:
1. He was an a Communist and ally of the USSR (led by Khrushchev)
2. He took back control of Cuban oil.
Nikita Khrushchev
Fulgencio Batista
“They talk about the failure of socialism but where is the success of capitalism in Africa, Asia and Latin America?” - Fidel Castro
Fidel Castro

7. II Bay of Pigs
A) 1960 the CIA developed a plan under Eisenhower to train Cuban exiles to overthrow Castro. The CIA set up training camps in Guatemala. Feb 1961, JFK authorized the plan. B) April 17, the invasion force landed at the Bay of Pigs under heavy fire and bad weather. 6 American fighter planes arrived an hour late and were shot down. The invasion was crushed later that day. Almost 1,200 surrendered, and 100+ were killed. C) Castro settled on $53 million worth of baby food and medicine in exchange for the POWs.

8. Members of Fidel’s Militia Bay of Pigs Primary Sources
On February 4,1962 Fidel Castro made a speech in Havana where he considered the motivations behind the Bay of Pigs invasion.
“What is hidden behind the Yankee's hatred of the Cuban Revolution... a small country of only seven million people, economically underdeveloped, without financial or military means to threaten the security or economy of any other country? What explains it is fear. Not fear of the Cuban Revolution but fear of the Latin American Revolution.”
After the Bay of Pigs, Philip Bonsol, the United States Ambassador in Cuba, wrote about the failed attempt to overthrow Fidel Castro .
“The Bay of Pigs was a serious setback for the United States... It consolidated Castro's regime and was a determining factor in giving it the long life it has enjoyed... It became clear to all concerned in Washington, in Havana and in Moscow that for the time being the Castro regime could be overthrown only through an overt application of American power.”

9. III The Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962
October 1962 we came extremely close to nuclear war over 13 days.
A) 1962 an American U-2 spy plane photographed nuclear missile sites being built by the USSR on Cuba. At the same time, the US had nuclear missiles in Turkey aimed at the USSR.
B) JFK placed a naval blockade around Cuba. He demanded the removal and destruction of the missile sites.
C) Khrushchev agreed to dismantle the weapon sites in exchange for a pledge from the US not to invade Cuba. In a secret deal, the US also agreed to remove its nuclear missiles from Turkey.

10. JFK’s Televised Speech to US October 22, 1962
Khrushchev's Response to JFK
Mr. President, the Soviet Government decided to render assistance to Cuba with the means of defense against aggression—only with means for defense purposes We have supplied them to prevent an attack on Cuba. I regard with respect and trust the statement you made in your message of October 27, 1962, that there would be no attack, no invasion of Cuba, and not only on the part of the United States, but also on the part of other nations in the Western Hemisphere It is for this reason that we instructed our officers to take appropriate measures to discontinue construction of the aforementioned facilities, to dismantle them, and to return them to the Soviet Union.
We have unmistakable evidence that a series of offensive missile sites is now being built on that island Cuba has been made into an important strategic base by the presence of these long-range offensive weapons of sudden mass destruction. This is an open threat to the peace and security of all the Americas. Our objective must be to prevent the use of these missiles against this or any other country. We must secure their withdrawal from the Western Hemisphere I call upon Chairman Khrushchev to halt and eliminate this secret and reckless threat to world peace.

11. In 1962, American intelligence agencies photographed Soviet nuclear missile installations in Cuba.

12. The Threat of the Cuban Missile Crisis

13. Effective?

14. Summary Questions Why did the US support Batista and not Castro?
What were the causes and impact of the Bay of Pigs invasion?
What were the causes and impact of the Cuban Missile Crisis?
Do you agree with the US’s actions against Castro? Explain.

15. Key Vocabulary
Fulgencio Batista Bay of Pigs Cuban Missile Crisis JFK Fidel Castro Nikita Khrushchev