1. Foundations of Art: Types of Art, Mediums, and Architecture

2. 2 Dimensional: Drawing
Pencil (graphite)
Charcoal
Chalk/pastels
Ink

3. 2D: Painting 1. Encaustic 2. Tempera 3. Fresco 4. Oil 5. Acrylic
pigment mixed with hot wax, usually used on wood
2. Tempera
Pigment mixed with dried egg yolk)
3. Fresco
Pigment mixed with water applied to wet a wet lime-plaster surface.
4. Oil
pigment mixed with linseed oil.
5. Acrylic
Newer (1900’s) medium. Pigment mixed with acrylic polymer that are water based.
6. Watercolor and Gouache
Watercolor=pigment in water with a sticky binder. Originally honey.
Gouache= watercolor with chalk added.
7. Spray paint
Spray enamel. 1 4 3 2
6 Gouache 5
6 Watercolor 7

4. Try it out!!!
We will create an “AP Art History” sign in class using acrylic, oil, pastels and gouache.
Think about what is “feels” like to use the medium and really pay attention to how it “looks” on the paper. This will help you identify a work of art by medium.
What differences do you notice?

5. Printmaking Relief= cut away non-printing areas Intaglio= cut away printing areas. From Italian to cut into Planographic= flat surface where ink adheres.
Relief: Woodblock
Carving or relief print into wood. Ink is then applied to the wood surface and transfers the image to paper. New woodblock needed for each color!
Intaglio: Engraving
Image is scratched onto a metal printing plate. Many copies can be made. Mass production!
Intaglio: Etching
Metal plate with acid coating. Artists scratches into and then plate is immersed in acid which “bites” the metal. Artist has more control than in engraving.
Planographic: Lithograph
Originally stone. Today is ink plates. Newspapers are printed this way. Mass production!
Planographic: Silkscreen
Fine nylon mesh allows ink to pass through. Allows for heavy ink covering on a wide variety of surfaces with bold color. Also, creates a right-reading image instead of a mirror image.

6. Illuminated Manuscripts

7. Ceramics
Clay: Earthenware soft, easy to manipulate. Ex: terracotta. Porous.
Clay: Stoneware harder, but more difficult to mold. Less porous.
Porcelain: high temperature ceramic. Feldspar + Kaolin +Silica.
China: fine porcelain that is fired at the highest possible temp and often double glazed.

8. 3D: Sculpture Freestanding (“in the round”) Relief: Bust
bas-relief=little depth
high relief =great depth
Bust

9. Methods of sculpture Additive: sculptor casts or constructs sculpture by adding material to make the final piece.
Casting:
pouring a liquid (metal or plaster) into a form or mold. Greeks used bronze and most of these originals are gone today (Romans melted them for weapons.)
Modeling:
molding clay or wax, the artist adds material.
Earthworks:
manipulating and using the surface of the earth as your medium.

10. Methods of sculpture Subtractive process: sculptor carves, drills, or chisels away to sculpt. May then buff to get a smooth surface.
Carving:
as the name implies. Usually either stone (marble) or ivory since wood deteriorates.
Ivory
Stone
Marble.
(Michelangelo’s Moses, but notice the horns?) Biblical translation of “rays of light” was “horns” in Italian, so that is what he created.)
Wood

11. Architecture: Basic vocab
Define and then create with Playdoh!!!!
Load bearing:
Make a pile to build, limited interior space. Ex: pyramids
Post and Lintel:
Creates a span for interior space. Horizontal beam supported by a post at either end.
Hypostyle (halls):
using a series of columns for support
Temple of Amun Re hypostyle hall
Romanesque:
Uses rounded arches.
Nave is central space of a cathedral or basilica.
Pediment:
triangular space that connects a row of columns (Greeks)
Buttress/flying buttress
arch on exterior of building to transfer weight from the vault/main structure. When stained glass was added, it weakened the structure so they had to get creative.
Frieze
Horizontal band of painted or sculpted decoration.

12. Greek “classic” column styles
ROMAN

13. Greek or Roman? Why? Use vocab.

14. Let’s act these out to review. 1. Post and Lintel 2
Let’s act these out to review! 1. Post and Lintel 2. Roman rounded arch 3. Gothic pointed arch 4. Triangular Pediment 5. Buttress 6. Flying buttress 7. Barrel vault 8. Ribbed Groin vault