1. What’s the end point?

2. National 4 & 5 Nat 4/5 Chemical changes & structure
Acids & alkalis / Strong and weak acids
Neutralisation reactions
Nat 4 = ?? , use of neutralisation reactions & analysis of the environment.
Nat 5 = physical & chemical properties used to differentiate between strong & weak acids related to the degree of dissociation, titration used as an analytical technique.

3. Neutralisation & Conductivity
Any change in the H+ ion concentration which makes a solution neutral, brings the pH to 7.
Conductivity
This depends on the mobility (type) and concentration (number) of ions present.
End point
Can be judged when the conductivity is at its lowest or constant value.
Remember
Although the H+ ions have been removed there maybe other ions present in the solution.

4. Practical activities
In your pairs follow the What’s the end point instruction sheet for experiment.

5. Some metals, their oxides or carbonates & acids
Other applications
Precipitation
reactions
Some metals, their oxides or carbonates & acids