1. Pyrolysis oil 1 Kasperi Karhapää Fortum Otso ® FIBIC –seminar 20.11.2013, Fortum

2. Titles 1)Why Fortum decided to produce pyrolysis oil 2)How pyrolysis oil is produced 3)Pyrolysis oil characteristics 4)Where to use pyrolysis oil 5)Future visions 6)Broad sustainability of pyrolysis oil 2

3. 1) Why Fortum decided to produce pyrolysis oil 3 Intermediate goal on the way towards solar power is the use of biomass – in solid, liquid and gas form Future energy system is based on emission free and inexhaustible energy sources

4. Why pyrolysis oil is Fortums selection Fast pyrolysis is one of the most cost efficient ways to liquefy biomass Pyrolysis oil is bioenergy in a dense form Helps to decrease CO 2 – emissions, SO x emissions Pyrolysis oil production is integrated into CHP-power plant. Benefits of integrating include: –Increase in CHP-plants utilization rate –Complete utilization of by-products in energy production –Combined raw material and fuel purchase, combined control room operations Yearly production is 50 000 tons of pyrolysis oil 4

5. Pyrolysis oil is bioenergy in a dense form 5 © OECD/IEA 2012 (Anselm Eisentraut, Jönköping 30.5.2012)

6. 2) Production of pyrolysis oil 6 CHP –boiler integrated process

7. 3) Pyrolysis oil characteristics 7 Source: VTT Sulphur free Acidic, pH 2 3 Viscosity between HFO and LFO Lower Heating Value 13-18 MJ/kg (LHV) Water content 20-35 p-% Flash point 40-110 °C Density 1.1-1.3 kg/l

8. 4) Where to use pyrolysis oil Replace HFO –In Finland about 400–600 heat boilers use HFO or LFO as main fuel. –Environmental norms for <50 MW boilers tightening (PINO –norms) Especially sulphur limits make the use of HFO more difficult in the future –Switching a heating boiler from HFO to pyrolysis oil requires relatively small investment In the future –Refining – requires scientific work –Diesel engines –Gas turbines –Co-firing 8

9. 5) Future visions Lähde: Biomass Pyrolysis, IEA Task 34 Booklet

10. 6) Broad sustainability of pyrolysis oil 10 Raw material Renewable wood –Harvesting residues, saw dust, wood from energy thinnings Sustainably produced –Sustainability controlled with sustainability system Total efficiency in integrated concept Increased total efficiency of the existing CHP-plants Complete utilization of pyrolysis oil production by- products in energy production Pyrolysis oil use in existing heating boilers Green addings Pyrolysis oil is green fuel for the heating boilers Decreasing SO x emissions Increased green electricity production in the integrated concept

11. Thank you! 11 Fortum Otso® Kasperi Karhapää Head of pyrolysis and business development kasperi.karhapaa@fortum.com