1. Combustion and gasification of biomass and wastes for heat and energy
WG no Combustion and gasification of biomass and wastes for heat and energy
EXCELLENCE CENTER
THERMOCHEMICAL CONVERSION OF SOLID FUELS – Processes of pyrolysis, gasification and combustion of biomass an wastes.
WORKGROUP 1
Combustion and gasification of biomass and wastes for heat and energy
WORKGROUP leader
Krystyna Kubica, PhD

2. FIELDS OF ACTIVITY OF WG No. 1
WG no Combustion and gasification of biomass and wastes for heat and energy
FIELDS OF ACTIVITY OF WG No. 1
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION
COMBUSTION
& CO-COMBUSTION
PROCESSES
GASIFICATION
& MICROCO-GENERATION
PROCESSES
PYROLYSIS
as 1st step of combustion
and gasification
processes

3. SCOPE OF ACTIVITY
Development of technology for small- and medium- capacity combustion and gasification of biomass
Development of technology of co-combustion of biomass, waste and coal in different types of coal fired boilers
Conceptual design of integrated systems for heat and electricity production in small and medium scale
Demonstration of co-generation installations of different kinds
Development of knowledge on pyrolysis as step of combustion and gasification processes
Estimation of environmental impacts of thermochemical conversion of solid fuels, biomass and wastes

4. EUROPEAN PROJECTS provided in Institute For Chemical Processing of Coal, Department of Physical Chemistry and Thermal Processing of Fuels (*)
In 5th Frame Programme:
GRD A new metallurgical route for the on-line conversion of by-products into valuable mineral and metallic products with a reduction of CO2 emission. (*)
IPS Regional innovation strategy for the Silesian Voivodeship.
In 4th Frame Programme:
INCO-Copernicus project no. IC15-CT Influence of the co-combustion of coal and biomass on the emission of pollutants in domestic appliances (*)
EU project CIPA-CT Clean coal – derived solid fuels for domestic and power plant combust (*)
EU project DIS UK - Promotion of low emission boilers (*)
In Eureka Programme:
EU 1570 – Resicoal- Beneficiation of coal slimes by means of complying with the environmental regulations coal upgrading and burning processes (*)

5. Professionals Krystyna Kubica Ph.D. - WG 1 leader
Andrzej Bryczkowski Prof Chemical engineering (gasification)
Tomasz Chmielniak Ph.D. - Chemical engineering (gasification)
Jolanta Robak Ph.D. - Chemical technology (formed fuels)
Teresa Kordas M.Sc. - Chemistry (chemical analysis)
Jerzy Raińczak M.Sc. - Power engineering (combustion)
Katarzyna Matuszek M.Sc. - Power engineering (combustion)
Daniel Nowakowski M.Sc. - Chemistry (pyrolysis)

6. COMBUSTION AND CO-COMBUSTION IN FIXED BED Stand for laboratory tests
Research on:
Expected effects:
Modification of boilers & new constructions of small and medium boilers
Optimalisation of combustion processes in fixed bed
Selection of solid fuels and biomass for boilers
Selection of fuel and optimalisation of fuel quality
Optimalisation of content of biomass/waste in fuel mixtures with coal; its properties
Criteria of standardisation of solid fuels and biomass for its combustion in fixed bed
Modelling of combustion and co-combustion processes for industrial conditions
Criteria of emission standardisation for domestic boilers

7. OPTIMALISATION OF COMBUSTION AND CO-COMBUSTION PROCESSES The stand for testing of solid fuels and boilers is equipped with:
two emitters of height ensuring test execution compliant with polish and foreign standards, including British Standard, one of them is assigned for fuels testing in the CELUS type, constant firing furnace of 5,6 kW power efficiency, and the other one is equipped with water system for heat utilisation, designed for testing of furnace of power efficiency lower than 200 kW.
continuous measurement system of combustion parameters, including temperature, exhaust gases flow and chimney draught with their recording
on line monitoring of exhaust gases composition, including O2, CO, SO2, NOx, CO2, aliphatic hydrocarbons CxHy by SIEMENS of SIGAS type.
SIMATIC – system for data collection and processing.
exhaust gases sampling system, preserving isokinetic conditions, for concentration determination of dust and organic pollutants (VOCs, POPs), 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PAHs, including benzo(a)pyrene in exhaust gases, taking into consideration emission of organic pollutants absorbed on the dust, and occurring in the gaseous phase.

8. COMBUSTION AND CO-COMBUSTION Applications
COMBUSTION OF BIOMASS, ENERGO-INVEST, Rybnik, Voivodship Environmental Protection Found project
CO-COMBUSTION OF COAL AND BIOMASS, EPEC Elbląg, WR-10 stocked fired boiler, efficiency 10 MW Primary tests, project of modernisation of installation; Commercial partner
CO-COMBUSTION OF COAL AND SLUDGE, EC Rzeszów, WR-25 stocked fired boiler, efficiency 30 MW Commercial partner
CO-COMBUSTION OF COAL AND BIOMASS, EC Tychy, fluidized-bed boiler, 25 MWe , 70 MWt, The State Committee for Scientific Research project
CO-COMBUSTION OF COAL AND BIOMASS, EC Elbląg, pulverised-fuel boiler, 120 MWt; National Environmental Protection Found project

9. GASIFICATION AND CO-GASIFICATION EXPERIMENTAL STAND
Research on:
Expected effects:
influence of process temperature and gasification agent/fuel ratio
products characteristic
and distribution
energy and mass balance
char internal surface development and particle size degradation
process development for different gas application and fuels
data for evaluation and verification of the calculational models
knowledge of different aspects of the process

10. GASIFICATION AND CO-GASIFICATION APPLICATIONS
SMALL SCALE BIOMASS GASIFICATION FOR HEAT PRODUCTION;
Gasification system for wood and waste, 3,5 MW; ZM ZAMER, The State Committee for Scientific Research project
SEWAGE SLUDGE GASIFICATION FOR CHP APPLICATION; Research on sewage sludge pyrolysis and gasification, modeling of the process; NAS Extension to Contract No: ENK5-CT
DEMONSTRATION PLANT FOR HEAT AND POWER PRODUCTION INTEGRATED WITH BIOMASS AND RDF GASIFICATION; Development of small scale CHP system based on biomass and RDF gasification reactor and gas engine; 25 kW, 70 kW; Commercial partner

11. PYROLYSIS Temperature range 200-520 oC with 13 temp. steps 20-1200 oC
Volume of gas
collecting system
10 dm3
Process analysis
products distribution
char internal surface development and particle size degradation
chemical structure transformation of organic substances
pollutants emission

12. PYROLYSIS Investigation of the 1st step of combustion and gasification processes
Forecasting of formation of Total Organic Compounds (VOCs; PAHs; PCDD/F; N,S,O-Organic Compounds etc.); aspect or environmental protection
Forecasting of corrosive effect of combustion and gasification products on constructional material of boilers
Knowledge on thermochemical conversion of organic matter in solid fuels, biomass and wastes
Data collection for modelling of combustion and gasification processes of solid fuels, biomass and wastes

13. EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF THERMOCHEMICAL CONVERSION OF SOLID FUELS, BIOMASS AND WASTES
Carbon oxide - CO
Carbon dioxide - CO2
Sulphur dioxide - SO2
Nitrogen oxides - NOx
Dust
Heavy metals /inorganic spieces Cl-, F-, S-compounds, N-compounds/
Organic substances (TOC):
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs - 16 PAHs according to EPA)
dioxines and furanes (numbered to the POPs – stabile organic compounds)
benzene and its homologues (BTX)
phenol with its acyclic derivatives
heterocyclic compounds of nitrogen and sulphur
aldehydes and ketones

14. INSTRUMENTAL MEASUREMENT EQUIPMENT FOR RESEARCH AND TESTING
WG no Combustion and gasification of biomass and wastes for heat and energy
INSTRUMENTAL MEASUREMENT EQUIPMENT FOR RESEARCH AND TESTING
At laboratory
System PY-GC-Trace 1500
Spectrophotometer FTIR by “Perkin Elmer”
Spectrophotometer UV-VIS by “Beckman”
Gas chromatograph by “FISONS”
Gas chromatograph by “Carlo Erba”
Gas chromatograph Sichromat 1-4 by “Siemens”
Gas chromatograph Sichromat 2-8 by “Siemens”
Elementary analyser “Perkin Elmer”
Molecular mass analyser through VPO “Knauer” method
For fields testing
on line monitoring of exhaust gases composition, including O2, CO, SO2, NOx, CO2, aliphatic hydrocarbons CxHy by SIEMENS of SIGAS type
System for sampling of pollutants from emission tests

15. ANALYSIS OF THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL LABORATORY
Total Organic Compounds (tars) /solvent extraction substance/
Dust
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) /by TD-Gas Chromatography/
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) /by Gas Chromatography with FID detection/
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) /16 PAHs according to EPA by FID-Gas Chromatography and GC-MS/
Phenols / by FID-Gas Chromatography/
BTX / by FID-Gas Chromatography/
Gas composition, H2S /by FID-TCD-NPD-Gas Chromatography/
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) /by HPLC method/
Aldehydes and ketones /by HPLC method/
Formaldehyde, ammonia /by UV-VIS Spectroscopy/
Inorganic Ions (F-, Cl-, NO3-, S2-, SO32-, SO42-, PO43-, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, NH4+, Fe2+, CN-) /by Ion Chromatography/
Heavy metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, Tl, V, Zn, Hg)

16. TWINNING WITH EU UNIVERSITIES AND RESEARCH INSTITUTES
Task 3.1
Scope:
Modelling of biomass thermochemical destruction in combustion and gasification processes; the role of additives – catalysismodeling of pyrolysis process
catalytic agents
post-combustion catalytic destruction of pollutants
Advanced methods for determination of biomass properties nd determination of pollutants emitted from biomass combustion
new and advanced methods for determination of biomass properties as fuel
new and advanced methods for determination of pollutants emitted from biomass combustion
Partner: (UL) University of Leeds, Fuel and Energy Department, UK

17. TWINNING WITH EU UNIVERSITIES AND RESEARCH INSTITUTES
Scope:
New biomass technologies – combustion, gasification, co-generation systems
development and methodology of implementation
testing and verification procedures
Harmonization, unification and development of methods and procedures for biomass boilers testing;
methods of boilers testing,
biomass boilers certification
methods of emission factor evaluation
methods for determination POPs
Partner: (DTI) Danish Technological Institute, Denmark

18. TWINNING WITH EU UNIVERSITIES AND RESEARCH INSTITUTES
Scope:
Modelling of pollutants formation thermochemical conversion of biomass, wastes and solid fuels
New methods and procedures for solid fuels and biomass testing
new methods and development of methodology testing of solid fuels and biomass
unification and harmonization of the methods
modelling of organic pollutants formation during combustion and gasification processes
Partner: (IST) Instituto Superior Tecnico, Portugal

19. PROFESSIONAL TRAINING COURSES
Task 4.2
Scope:
Modelling and testing of termochemical destruction processes of biomass and wastes
theory of the processes
existing models and development of models
methods of calculation
experimental verification
other open problems
Year 2; 4 days
Partners: IST, Ul, DTI, UW, DMT, IUT, CSIC

20. CONFERENCES
Task 1.1
Scope: Combustion and Gasification of Biomass and Wastes
modeling of combustion and gasification process,
combustion and co-combustion of biomass and fossil fuels
gasification process and development of reactors construction
biomass boilers construction and development,
environmental impact processes
catalysis and catalytic modification of combustion processes
catalytic agents
post-combustion catalytic destruction of pollutants
economical aspects
Year 1; 19 – 21 May 2003

21. CONFERENCES Task 1.3 Scope: Biomass as Fuel for Co-generation Systems
integrated power cycles with biomass and wastes gasification processes,
micro-cogeneration
power cycles integrated with gasification (biomass, wastes) and liquid fuel production
ecological safety
economical aspects
Year 3; 19 – 21 May 2005

22. SPECIALIZED SEMINARS Task 2.1
 Scope: Instrumental analysis in research of solid derived from biomass and wastes
methods of instrumental analysis in fuel and solid products quality determination
methodology of examination and analysis of measuring error
standard samples
standardization of the testing
Year 1; September 2003

23. SPECIALIZED SEMINARS Task 2.2
 Scope: Control and Process Monitoring – Combustion and Gasification Performance
research and measurement procedures
methods of fuels quality determination
design of combustion and gasification processes
procedures for determination of pollutants
legislation in EU and Poland
Year 2; 2 days

24. SPECIALIZED SEMINARS Task 2.3
 Scope: Standardization in biomass conversion systems
fuel assessment methods and procedures,
quality standards
assessment of technical safety
assessment of heat and power efficiency
assessment of ecological safety
Year 3; 2 days

25. NEW EUROPEAN RESEARCH PROJECTS
SCAPA
Small-Scale Air Pollution Abatement, Emission Control on solid fuels fired in domestic heating appliances, project in 5th FP co-ordinated by EDT, UK; final works/negotiations
JUMELAGE
Carbon materials and catalysts for environmental protection, Polish-France project co-ordinated by prof. Gerald Djega-Mariadassou from M. and P. Curie University in Paris, France;
Directly collaboration of Polish Academy of Science with Polish and French R&D units
TOAC
Assessment of Toxic Organic Atmospheric Compounds around the EU, project in 6th FP of 14 European countries co-ordinated by Prof. Ana Mastral from CSIC Zaragoza, Spain

26. EXPECTED RESULTS
Enhanced knowledge in the field of process modelling
Enhanced knowledge in the field of modelling of pollutants formation
Enhanced knowledge in the field of new and advanced measurement techniques in scientific researches
Scientific development of young researchers