1. Physics of the Human Body
Diseases of the Lung

2. Pulmonary Embolism
Pulmonary Embolism (PE) is a blockage of the pulmonary artery (or one of its branches)
Usually when a clot from a lower leg vein becomes dislodged from its site of formation and embolizes to the blood supply of one of the lungs
This process is termed thromboembolism
Most common cause of hospital deaths

5. 69-year-old college professor with sudden onset of shortness of breath underwent surgery for removal of pulmonary embolisms

6. Lung diseases are primarily placed into two categories
1. Obstructive lung diseases
Asthma
COPD
Emphysema
Chronic bronchitis
2. Restrictive lung diseases
Asbestosis
Pulmonary fibrosis

10. Obstructive Lung Disease Asthma
Two types
Internal
Exercise
Stress
External
Pollen
Dander
Smoke

11. An attack of asthma begins when an allergen is inhaled
The allergen binds to IgE antibodies - those that have binding sites for the allergen - on mast cells in the lungs
Binding triggers the mast cells to release histamine and leukotrienes

13. Obstructive Lung Disease COPD
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Emphysema
Chronic bronchitis
Both are caused primarily by smoking

14. Obstructive Lung Disease COPD

18. Chronic Bronchitis
Chronic productive cough (a cough that produces mucus) that increases in strength and frequency
Shortness of breath or wheezing, especially during exercise
Chest pain

19. Chronic Bronchitis Quit smoking Avoid exposure to polluted air
Increase the humidity in the air

20. Restrictive Lung Disease Black Lung Disease
Black lung is a legal term describing man-made, occupational lung diseases that are contracted by prolonged breathing of coal mine dust

21. Restrictive Lung Disease Asbestosis
Asbestosis is a scarring of the lungs caused by exposure to asbestos. Continued exposure may lead to degeneration of lung function and death.

22. Restrictive Lung Disease Mesothelioma
The pleura is the lining around the outside of the lungs
Mesothelioma is a cancer of the pleura
It may also occur in the lining of the abdominal cavity.
All cases of mesothelioma in the United States are caused by exposure to asbestos

23. Restrictive Lung Disease Pulmonary Fibrosis
This lung disease is often associated with miners, welders, and construction workers
This is because inhaling dusts such as coal dusts and asbestos can cause pulmonary fibrosis

24. Restrictive Lung Disease Pulmonary Fibrosis
It can also be caused by genetics, meaning you were born with it
However, most commonly, pulmonary fibrosis develops without any known cause

25. Restrictive Lung Disease Pulmonary Fibrosis
If the worker is exposed for a long period of time, the effects may be irreversible
Genetic fibrosis or fibrosis caused by unknown causes cannot be reversed

26. Lung Cancer
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in both women and men in the United States and throughout the world
In the U.S. in 2005, 160,440 people died from lung cancer, more than colorectal, breast, and prostate cancer combined

27. Lung Cancer
Lung cancer is the number-one cause of cancer deaths in men and has surpassed breast cancer as the leading cause of cancer deaths in women
Only about 14% of all people who develop lung cancer survive for 5 years

28. Lung Cancer
Cigarette smoking is the most significant cause of lung cancer
Cigarette smoke contains more than 4000 chemicals, many of which have been identified as causing cancer

29. Lung Cancer
68-year-old male with left lower lobe lung cancer with metastatic disease to his kidneys

30. Lung Cancer
A person who smokes more than 1 pack of cigarettes per day has a risk of developing lung cancer times greater than someone who has never smoked
Once a person quits smoking, his or her risk for lung cancer gradually decreases. About 15 years after quitting, the risk for lung cancer decreases to the level of someone who never smoked

32. Secondhand Smoke
Secondhand smoke causes approximately 3,000 lung cancer deaths and 35,000 heart disease deaths in adult nonsmokers in the United States each year

33. Pneumonia
Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lung caused by infection with bacteria, viruses, and other organisms
Pneumonia is usually triggered when a patient's defense system is weakened, most often by a simple viral upper respiratory tract infection or a case of influenza.

34. Pneumonia

35. Pneumonia Symptoms of pneumonia can include Fever Chills Cough
Unusually rapid breathing
Wheezing
Difficulty breathing
Chest or abdominal pain
Loss of appetite
Exhaustion
Vomiting

36. Walking Pneumonia
Walking pneumonia is an infection of the lungs that stems from a bacterial infection (Mycoplasma Pneumonia), mostly affecting people under the age of 40
The patient may have symptoms lasting from days to weeks
It is called "walking pneumonia" because people do not appear to be very sick

37. Walking pneumonia usually begin with vague symptoms such as feeling tired or weak, headaches, sore throat, or diarrhea
Eventually, most develop a dry cough
They can also develop fever, chills, earaches, chest pain, enlarged lymph nodes in the neck, and muscle or joint pains

38. Acute Bronchitis
Acute bronchitis is the inflammation of mucous membranes of the bronchial tubes

39. Acute Bronchitis Runny nose, usually before a cough starts.
Malaise (an overall body discomfort or not feeling well)
Chills
Slight fever
Back and muscle pain
Sore throat

40. Influenza

41. Influenza The virus attacks the respiratory tract
Transmitted from person to person by saliva droplets expelled by coughing, and causes the following symptoms
Fever
Headache
Fatigue/sore joints (Can be extreme)
Dry cough
Sore throat
Nasal congestion
Sneezing
Irritated eyes
Body aches
Extreme coldness

42. Amyloidosis
This is a group of diseases in which one or more organ system(s) in the body accumulate(s) deposits of abnormal proteins known as amyloid

43. Amyloidosis
The name "amyloidosis" was first used more than 100 years ago. However, only within the past 25 years have physicians understood the specific makeup of amyloid proteins.
Although amyloidosis is not cancer, it is very serious. It is disabling or life-threatening.