1. Second Stakeholder Expert Group meeting 19-20/01/2012
Stakeholder consultation
Key issues for the review
Scott Brockett
Unit, Industrial Emissions, Air Quality and Noise

2. Health effects of air pollution
PM – simplification and focus
PM10 redundancy between daily and annual limit values
PM10 and PM2.5 – redundancy between annual limit values
PM fractions – health impacts of BC/EC/ultrafines/coarse fraction/fraction linked to particular sources
NO2
Annual average – health justification (role as indicator of combustion-related pollution)
Ozone
Use metric which reflects duration and gravity of exceedence? (e.g. SOMO35)
BaP – consider whether only indicator of PAH (e.g. dibenzopyrenes)
Exposure index vs limit values – appropriateness for health protection
Develop additional overall indicator for health to target action towards overall public health benefit
Role of indoor air quality in relation to ambient air quality 2

3. Air pollution assessment and management
Target vs limit values
TVs limited influence on measures
Useful? Replace with limits with flexibility/derogation?
Limit values versus exposure reduction
Lvs provide overall level of protection, but should always be some population exposure
Exposure reduction (uncertainty, effective measures)
New standards/deletion of standards
Gradual introduction of any new PM fractions (inventories, monitoring)
NH3?
Deposition standards for HM?
Additional PAH indicator (dibenzopyrenes)?
De-emphasise CO lv, NO2 alarm value (SO2 lv?)
Harmonisation of parameters with source controls (NEC, EURO) 3

4. Air pollution assessment and management
Meteorological variation
Rolling 3-year average for PM, ozone
Measures
Mismatch standards/health impacts (PM mass/traffic/BC)
Limitations of national action
Transboundary (NEC, AAQD Art 25)
EU source-based action
Sensitive populations
Action plans
Flexibility
Justified? (winter sanding and salting), effective? (NO2 time extensions)
New options: failure of measures; where all cost-effective measures taken; procedural issues
Additional focus on ecosystem protection – LRTAP Working Group on Effects 4

5. Air pollution assessment and management
Monitoring siting and density
Review of MS networks, representativity, no of stations per zone
Develop further macro and micro siting criteria, adjust compliance reporting (zone/spatial representativeness of station?)
Harmonise methods with EMEP
Ref techniques expensive – cheaper options?
Specific issues – PM, PAH, BC/EC
Use of satellite data
Modelling
Consistent view that needed to supplement monitoring (cost, spatial coverage, forecasting, management); mandatory?
Uncertainty, particularly for compliance
Standards on input quality (emission inventories) and output resolution
Public information
Communication difficult for complex parameters
Some use of AQ indices and suggestions for future work – harmonisation? 5

6. Supporting modelling for the review
Baseline – full implementation of climate change policies (policy failure); reflect MS projections as far as possible
Separately identify global/regional/local contribution to air quality problems and identify cost-effective sets of measures on appropriate scales
Assessment capacity for PM fractions
Increased focus on ecosystem benefits of reduced air pollution (link e.g. with Strategic Plan for biodiversity)
Integrated assessment modelling of air quality/climate change – synergies and tradeoffs
Revisit monetisation of benefits (health and ecosystem)
Detailed points – treatment of ammonia emissions, shipping emissions, exposure impact of emission reductions, appropriateness of scenario assumptions
Outputs - NEC ceilings, IED, EURO norms, shipping measures (e.g. SECA/NECA), agricultural measures, small-scale combustion 6

7. Input of research into the review
Which PM components and related sources deserve major attention in abatement strategies
What indicators are useful in taking most effective abatement measures (overall health indicator?)
Role of NO2 as indicator of combustion pollution
Long-term impcts of ozone, precursors/concentrations
Synergies and tradeoffs with climate change (mitigation), but also effects of global temperature change on air quality
Integrated nitrogen assessment
Treatment of ecosystem impacts
Valuation of benefits 7

8. Integration into other policy areas
Air quality objectives and deadlines should reflect availability and implementation of source controls
Further reductions build on delivery of climate policy – align policy time horizons
Co-ordination with policy on indoor pollution
Control of combustion (small industrial scale, residential)
Technical and structural options in agriculture
Transport
Real world emissions / EURO standards, but also non-tailpipe emissions
Structural changes in transport in the medium and longer term (economic instruments, modal shift, electrification)
Shipping measures
Contributions of non-road sector to emissions 8