1. THE ROAD TO THE CIVIL WAR
Notes 3
THE ROAD TO THE CIVIL WAR
7. Conflicts over slavery and Compromises
Slavery in Louisiana Purchase?
Manifest Destiny to 1850
President James K. Polk—1845 to 1849
Oregon Territory
Texas Statehood--1845
Mexican War to 1848
US acquired the Mexican Cession
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo—1848
Slavery in the Mexican Cession?
Compromise of 1850
Calif. Admitted as a free state
Create 2 new territories = Popular Sovereignty
South: Enforce the Fugitive Slave Law
North: stop the slave trade in Washington, D.C.

2. Kansas-Nebraska Act----1854
Gadsden Purchase
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Stephen Douglas---build railroad in the North
Organize Kansas and Nebraska Territory and open it up to Popular Sovereignty
Effects
Abolitionists against it
Ruined the Missouri Compromise
led to violence----Bleeding Kansas
Republican Party political party organized to stop the expansion of slavery
notes 4

3. Dred Scott—1857-----slave sued for his freedom Supreme Court Decision
notes 5
8. Judicial Arguments
Dred Scott— slave sued for his freedom
Supreme Court Decision
Constitution did not apply to slaves
Legalized slavery in the U.S.
All compromises were unconstitutional
9. John Brown’s Raid
Harper’s Ferry
Reactions
North---martyr for the abolitionist cause
South---no other choice but secede

4. South Carolina secedes from the U.S., Dec of 1860.
12. Election of 1860
Lincoln wins election
South Carolina secedes from the U.S., Dec of 1860.
10 other Southern States would secede in 1861
formed the CSA---Confederate States of America
Why?
notes 6

5. Missouri Comp

6. Texas War of Independence
Americans began moving into Texas in the 1820’s and brought their slaves with them.
War fought by Texans against Mexico because they believed their rights had been violated.
Won by Texans in 1836 and requests to enter the U.S.
Texas War of Independence

7. Texas War of Independence
President Jackson and Van Buren refused to recognize Texas statehood because of slavery.
Texas became its own country with Sam Houston president, 1836 to 1845.
Mexico never recognized the independence of Texas.

8. Texas War of Independence1
Texas entered as a U.S. state in 1845.
Mexico vowed if Texas became part of the U.S., this would be an act of war.
One cause of the war with Mexico in 1846.
Texas War of Independence1

9. Picture/Polk James K. Polk, Democrat President from 1845 to 1849
MANIFEST DESTINY
James K. Polk, Democrat
President from 1845 to 1849
Responsible for the Manifest Destiny
Expansionist
Acquired the Oregon Territory from Great Britain in 1846
54’, 40’ or Fight
49th Parallel
Mexican War acquired Mexican Cession and completed U.S. control of the continent from ocean to ocean
Picture/Polk

10. Treaty with Great Britain in 1846
MANIFEST DESTINY
Oregon dispute
Treaty with Great Britain in 1846
President Polk campaign slogan was 54,40 or fight…
Compromised with British and divided the Oregon Country at the 49th parallel

11. KEY EVENTS MANIFEST DESTINY
American belief that U.S. would control the continent from the Atlantic to the Pacific.
KEY EVENTS
Texas statehood
Oregon territory
Mexican War
Mexican Cession
                                                                        
Picture/M.Destiny

12. KEY EVENTS Pioneers Trek West California trail Oregon trail
MANIFEST DESTINY
KEY EVENTS
Pioneers Trek West
California trail
Oregon trail
Mormon’s trail
Gold discovered
Gold Rush
                                                                        
Picture/M.Destiny

13. KEY EVENTS California statehood Donner Party 40 mile desert Ragtown
MANIFEST DESTINY
KEY EVENTS
California statehood
Donner Party
40 mile desert
Ragtown
Genoa
                                                                        
Picture/M.Destiny

14. TRAILS WESTWARD
Trails

15. CALIFORNIA GOLD RUSH

16. Long Term Causes Immediate Causes Effects
Manifest Destiny
California
Immediate Causes
Texas statehood, 1845
Mexico refusing to sell California
Border dispute
Effects
US receives Mexican Cession
Disputes over expansion of slavery will lead to the Civil War
MEXICAN WAR
Mexican War

17. MEXICAN WAR
Mexican War

18. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Mexico ceded the Mexican Cession to U.S.
Rio Grande River boundary between U.S. and Mexico
U.S. paid Mexico $15 million

19. Map expansion

20. Most intense debate in U.S. History
COMPROMISE OF 1850
Most intense debate in U.S. History
John C. Calhoun
North should honor the Constitution and enforce the Fugitive Slave Law
South wanted California
threatened to secede from U.S.
U.S. should have two Presidents---one from the North and one for the South
Daniel Webster
Secession is impractical & impossible
How would we split the land?
The military?
Compromise at all cost
Preserve the Union
Henry Clay
The Great Compromiser, with John C. Calhoun, Daniel Webster and Stephen Douglas, propose this compromise.
Comp of 1850

21. STEPHEN DOUGLAS U.S. Senator from the state of Illinois
Solve the slavery issue was through Popular Sovereignty
let the people in each territory decide through the process of voting whether they want slavery or not.
Along with Henry Clay, Daniel Webster and John C. Calhoun they proposed the Compromise of 1850
Calif. A free state
enforce Fugitive Slave Law
Popular Sovereignty
stop slave trade in Washington, D.C.
Picture/S.Douglas

22. Popular Sovereignty Allow the people in a territory to vote on whether they want slavery to exist or not in their state.
Map Comp of 1850

23. FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW ABOLITIONISTS RESPOND Denounced by Abolitionists
Harriet Beecher Stowe’s, Uncle Tom’s Cabin is published
Abolitionists refuse to enforce the law
Underground Railroad becomes more active

24. RESPONSE BY ABOLITIONISTS
FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW
Fugitive Slave Law
RESPONSE BY ABOLITIONISTS
“An immoral law makes it a man’s duty to break it, at every hazard. For virtue is the very self of every man. It is therefore a principle of law that an immoral contract is void, and that an immoral statute is void. The Fugitive Slave Law is a statute which enacts the crime of kidnapping, a crime on one footing with arson and murder. A man’s right to liberty is as inalienable as his right to life……” Ralph Waldo Emerson
“3 millions of the American people are crushed under the American Union! The government gives them no protection– the government is their enemy, the government keeps them in chains! The Union which grinds them to the dust rests upon us, and with them we will struggle to overthrow it! The Constitution which subjects them to hopeless bondage is one that we cannot swear to support. Our motto is, ‘No Union with Slaveholders’….We separate from them, to clear our skirts of innocent blood….and to hasten the downfall of slavery in America, and throughout the world!” William Lloyd Garrison

25. Southerners threatened secession and war
FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW
SOUTHERNERS RESPOND
Southerners threatened secession and war
Believed it should be enforced because the Constitution protects property and Federal law is over State law.
5th Amendment
Supremacy Clause

26. Map expansion

28. KANSAS AND NEBRASKA ACT
Build a transcontinental connecting California to the East Coast either in the South or North
Stephen Douglas wanted the railroad built in the North but had to convince the South otherwise.
Proposed a plan that Kansas and Nebraska territories be opened up to slavery in return for building the railroad in the North.
Popular Sovereignty
Kan. & Neb Act

29. Map Bleeding Kan
BLEEDING KANSAS
Kansas/Nebraska Act led to several acts of violence between pro-slavery settlers and anti-slavery settlers.
First violent outbreaks between north/south.
First battles of the Civil War begin in Kansas in 1856.
Over 200 killed
(Led by John Brown)
Attacks by free-states
Attacks by pro-slavery states

30. BLEEDING KANSAS
After the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854, the Kansas territory became a battleground. Pro-slavery and antislavery supporters rushed to settle in Kansas. The territory was torn by battles and massacres. The issue also bitterly divided the nation and led to the formation of the Republican Party. The first shots of the Civil War were in Bleeding Kansas.
Bleeding Kan

31. REPUBLICAN PARTY Free Soil Party against the expansion of slavery
Formed to stop the expansion of slavery
REPUBLICAN PARTY
Democrats opposed the expansion of slavery
Abolitionists
National Republican which become the Whigs.
Know Nothing Party
against immigration
Chart/Rep. Party

32. Popular Sovereignty Allow the people in a territory to vote on whether they want slavery to exist or not in their state.
Map Kan/Neb Act

33. Court case went to the Supreme Court for a decision-----National issue
DRED SCOTT DECISION
Slave from Missouri traveled with his owner to Illinois & Minnesota both free states.
His master died and Scott wanted to move back to Missouri---Missouri still recognized him as a slave.
He sued his master’s widow for his freedom since he had lived in a free state for a period of time.
Court case went to the Supreme Court for a decision-----National issue
Can a slave sue for his freedom?
Is a slave property?
Is slavery legal?
Picture/Dred Scott

34. Supreme Court hands down the Dred Scott decision
Slaves cannot sue the U.S. for their freedom because they are property.
They are not citizens and have no legal right under the Constitution.
Supreme Court legalized slavery by saying that
Congress could not stop a slaveowner from moving his slaves to a new territory
Missouri Compromise and all other compromises were unconstitutional
North refused to enforce Fugitive Slave Law
Free states pass personal liberty laws.
Republicans claim the decision is not binding
Southerners call on the North to accept the decision if the South is to remain in the Union.
Chart/Effect of Scott

35. Reading/Scott decision
DRED SCOTT DECISION
Chief Justice Roger B.Taney (1777 to 1864) in the case of Dred Scott referred to the status of slaves when the Constitution was adopted.
“They had (slaves) for more than a century before been regarded as beings of an inferior order; and altogether unfit to associate with the white race, either in social or political relations; and so far inferior that they had no rights which the white man was bound to respect. This opinion was at that time fixed and universal in the civilized portion of the white race.”
Reading/Scott decision

36. Involved in the Bleeding Kansas Murdered 5 pro-slavery men in Kansas
JOHN BROWN
Violent abolitionist
Involved in the Bleeding Kansas
Murdered 5 pro-slavery men in Kansas
Wanted to lead a slave revolt throughout the South by raising an army of freed slaves and destroying the South.
Picture/J.Brown

37. JOHN BROWN
Attacked a U.S. Ammunition depot in Harper’s Ferry, Virginia in Oct. of 1859 to capture weapons and begin his slave revolt.
Picture/J.Brown

38. Put on trial for treason.
JOHN BROWN
Unsuccessful and captured by USMC under the leadership of Robert E. Lee
Put on trial for treason.
Picture/J.Brown

39. Picture/J.Brown Hanging
JOHN BROWN
He was found guilty of treason and sentenced to death.
His last words were to this effect: “I believe that the issue of slavery will never be solved unless through the shedding of blood.”
Northerners thought of John Brown as a martyr to the abolitionist cause.
Southerners were terrified that if John Brown almost got away with this, there must be others like him in the North who are willing to die to end slavery.
South’s outcome: To leave the U.S. and start their own country.
Picture/J.Brown Hanging

40. John Brown: Martyr or Madman?

41. Reading/Tubman on Brown

42. Reading/Lincoln on Brown

43. Lincoln and Douglas both running for the U.S. Senate in Illinois.
LINCOLN--DOUGLAS DEBATES
Lincoln and Douglas both running for the U.S. Senate in Illinois.
The debates were followed by the country because both candidates were interested in running for the Presidency in 1860.
Slavery was the issue
Lincoln stated: A House Divided against itself cannot stand. Either we become one or the other.
was against the expansion of slavery
Douglas believed that slavery should be decided by the people.
Popular sovereignty
Chart/L&D Debates

44. LINCOLN--DOUGLAS DEBATES
Lincoln got Douglas to admit that Popular Sovereignty could work against the expansion of slavery….. Southerners would not support Douglas for the presidency in 1860
Picture/ L&D Debates

45. Reading/Lincoln on slavery

46. ELECTION OF 1860
Country is polarized (divided) over the issue of slavery.
Once Lincoln is elected as president, South Carolina will secede from the U.S. along with several other Southern States.
They will form the Confederate States of America---CSA
303 total electoral votes and 152 to win.
Election of 1860

48. Secession