1. Book 2 Attribution

2. Home learning
Annotate the two articles using green pen to highlight aspects of attribution theory
Answer the examination question

3. Home learning

4. Attribution

5. Football Challenge- Who can keep the ball up for the longest time?

6. MOTD Jose M

7. ATTRIBUTION
“The perceived reasons for success or failure of an event or pattern of behaviour” (James et al 2009:186)

8. By the end of the lesson you will be able to answer the following questions:

9. Task difficulty Ability Effort Luck LOCUS OF CAUSALITY
Internal External
Task difficulty
Ability
Stable
STABILITY
Effort
Luck
Unstable

10. Connector
Watch the following videos and note the reasons for the issues they raised:
Fergie:
Arsene:

11. Find the definitions for these Key words
Attribution theory
Locus of causality
Locus of stability
Locus of control
Self-serving bias
Learned helplessness

12. Attribution
Individuals actively attach personal meaning to behaviour outcomes.
For example, if I win a game of table tennis, I might attribute the victory to my ability or the poor table or equipment
There are 4 main categories of attribution (Weiner, 1972)

13. Task difficulty Ability Effort Luck LOCUS OF CAUSALITY
Internal External
Task difficulty
Ability
Stable
STABILITY
Effort
Luck
Unstable

14. Locus of causality
This dimension classifies the outcome as internal or external.
Internal attributions come from within the participant.
Examples include effort, concentration, fitness, ability, motivation.
External attributions are anything external from the individual.
Examples include the weather, officials, opponents, luck.

15. Stability
This dimension relates to whether the cause of the outcome is consistent or will fluctuate.
Stable factors might be equipment, timing, ability, opponents’ ability (depending on competition).
Unstable factors might be effort, luck, officials, etc.

16. Weiner’s model with examples

17. What did they attribute their reasons towards?
Fergie:
Arsene:

18. Exam tips
Be able to draw and interpret Weiner’s model and make sure it is labeled correctly
Describe practical examples to explain the attributions following a variety of results.
To maintain a performer’s motivation you can attribute loss or failure to any other factors other than internal stable factors

19. What’s the link between attribution, task persistence and motivation?
Self serving bias link pg 114
Summary pg 114

20. Attribution retraining
Make notes from page 115

21. Learned helplessness
This term describes when a person expects to fail.
This expectation is based on previous experiences of failure.
They attribute failure to lack of ability (internal and stable).
What is difference between general and specific learned helplessness?

22. Expecting to fail
Whether you think you can, or you think you can’t, you’re probably right.
(Henry Ford)
The self-fulfilling prophecy occurs when someone expects to fail, and consequently does. Low levels of self efficacy or confidence?

23. How can we overcome learned-helplessness?
Guarantee some success.
Set short-term goals, that are somewhat challenging but that will be achieved relatively quickly.
Give positive reinforcement.
Give lots of encouragement.
While rewards can be used, the coach should focus on enhancing intrinsic motivation, self-esteem, and self-efficacy.

24. Summary
Attribution is the process of identifying what caused an outcome.
How we attribute outcomes will influence our self-efficacy and motivation.
Sustained negative attribution could lead to low self-esteem and learned helplessness.
Failure should be attributed to external, unstable, or uncontrollable factors.
Success should be attributed to internal, stable, or controllable factors.

25. Exam questions 2006

26. Exam answers