1. UNIT-IV BA- II SEM By: Dr DIVYA MONGA
INTELLIGENCE
UNIT-IV
BA- II SEM
By:
Dr DIVYA MONGA

2. Intelligence: What is it…?
How do we define intelligence?
the ability to gather and use information in productive ways.
INTELLIGENCE by DR DIVYA MONGA

3. Intelligence is relative...
“Intelligence is a socially constructed concept. …thus is can be culturally specific.”
INTELLIGENCE by DR DIVYA MONGA

4. Some Classic Definitions
Spearman (1904)
A general ability which involves mainly the eduction of relations and correlates
Binet & Simon (1905)
The ability to judge well, to understand well, to reason well.
Wechsler (1939)
the aggregate or global capacity of the individual to act purposefully, to think rationally, and to deal effectively with the environment
INTELLIGENCE by DR DIVYA MONGA

5. Theories on Intelligence
Charles Spearman ( )
Proposed that intelligence consisted of 2 kinds of factors:
a single “general” factor, g, and
numerous specific factors (s1, s2, s3, etc.)
g factor was the most important;
s factors were very specific to particular tests
G factor, or general intelligence (academic smarts)
If you score high on one factor, or cluster (i.e verbal intelligence) then you tend to score higher than average on other factors (+correlation between clusters)
“Intelligence refers to a general single ability”
Prediction model for education, vocational levels
INTELLIGENCE by DR DIVYA MONGA

6. Theories on Intelligence…
L.L. Thurstone ( )
Invented factor analysis
56 tests / 7 clusters of primary mental abilities (early theory of multiple intelligences)
Word fluency
Verbal comprehension
Spatial ability
Perceptual speed
Numerical ability
Inductive reasoning
Associative memory
INTELLIGENCE by DR DIVYA MONGA

7. Theories on Intelligence
CATTELL: Fluid & Crystallized Intelligence
Also used factor analysis, discovered 2 major factors:
Fluid Intelligence:
Non-verbal & culture-free form of intelligence
Related to a person’s inherent capacity to learn & solve problems
Used in adapting to new situations
Crystallized Intelligence:
What one has already learned through the investment of fluid intelligence in cultural settings
Highly culturally dependent
Used for tasks which require learned or habitual response
INTELLIGENCE by DR DIVYA MONGA

8. Theories on Intelligence….
Robert Sternberg : Triarchic theory
Three major intelligences
Analytical: academic problem-solving (intelligence tests)
Creative: reacting to novel situations / generating novel ideas
Practical Intelligence: everyday tasks (“street smarts”)
INTELLIGENCE by DR DIVYA MONGA

9. Theories on Intelligence….
Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences
identified 9 distinct types of intelligence
Visual/Spatial
Verbal/Linguistic
Logical/Mathematical
Bodily/Kinesthetic
Musical/Rhythmic
Interpersonal
Intrapersonal
Naturalistic
INTELLIGENCE by DR DIVYA MONGA

10. Theories on Intelligence….
J.P. GUILFORD: Three-dimensional theory
Cubic model of the structure of intelligence.
Three separate factors make up any individual activity:
Operations
Contents
Products
Identified total 120 factors.
INTELLIGENCE by DR DIVYA MONGA

11. INTELLIGENCE by DR DIVYA MONGA

12. Creativity and Intelligence
Creativity: The ability to produce novel and valuable ideas.
Small +correlation between intelligence and creativity
Above and below score of 120, correlation shrinks
INTELLIGENCE by DR DIVYA MONGA

13. Brain Size and Intelligence
Are people with bigger heads / brains smarter?
+.15 correlation between head size and intelligence scores
+.44 correlation between brain size and IQ
INTELLIGENCE by DR DIVYA MONGA

14. How is Intelligence Measured?
Alfred Binet and Simon used Mental age to distinguish “bright” from “dull” children.
Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
INTELLIGENCE by DR DIVYA MONGA
INTELLIENCE BY DR DIVYA MONGA

15. IQ Scores
INTELLIGENCE by DR DIVYA MONGA

16. Another test used frequently are the Wechsler Intelligence Scale
David Wechsler
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children- Third Edition (WISC-III)
Used with children 6 to 16
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition (WAIS-III)
Used with people 17 and older
INTELLIGENCE by DR DIVYA MONGA

17. WISC
INTELLIGENCE by DR DIVYA MONGA

18. Wechsler Intelligence Score
INTELLIGENCE by DR DIVYA MONGA

19. Dynamics of intelligence
At what age can we begin predicting intelligence?
Four-five (to predict adolescent, adult scores)
At age 7, intelligence scores begin to stabilize
Rule of thumb: consistency of scores increase with age
INTELLIGENCE by DR DIVYA MONGA

20. Types of IQ test Classification based on method of testing
Individual test –Only one individual at the same time
Ex: Stanford –Binet Test, Wechsler Adult Intelligence scale, Bhatia Battery of Performance
Group test – a group of Individual is tested at the same time
Ex: A nonverbal group test of intelligence for secondary school by sukumaran Nair
INTELLIGENCE by DR DIVYA MONGA

21. Types of IQ test….. Classification based on Medium of testing
Verbal Test- they make use of language
Ex: Stanford- Binet Test, Army Alpha test – lews Termin
Non- verbal Test – they make use of some activity or performance
Ex: The Ravan’s Progressive Matrices – John .C. Ravan-1936
INTELLIGENCE by DR DIVYA MONGA

22. THANK YOU THANK YOU THANK YOU
INTELLIGENCE by DR DIVYA MONGA