1. Unit 3 ~ Chapter 8
Types of Marriages
Around the World

2. Royal Anthropological Institute’s Definition:
What is marriage?
No definition of marriage is broad enough to apply easily to all _________ and ___________; therefore, we start with this commonly quoted definition by the…
Royal Anthropological Institute’s Definition:
Marriage is a __________ between a _________ and a ______________ such that the ___________ born to the woman are recognized as ________________ of both ____________________.

3. This definition isn’t ____________ valid for several reasons, among them are:
In many societies, marriages unite ______________ spouses (_________________ marriages).
Some societies recognize various kinds of __________________________________

4. There are two forms of polygamy:
Plural Marriage
Most _______________ food producing societies allow plural marriage, or ____________________.
There are two forms of polygamy:
___________ - _______ has more than one _________
___________ - __________ has more than one ________

5. Polygyny Most _________________ form of plural marriage.
__________ marry when they are older (_____________)
______________ marry between _______________
When the women ____________ outlive their husbands, they _________ other polygynous unions as ____________.

6. The _________ of wives can indicate a man’s __________________________.
______________ can play ______________ roles, as representatives of different _______, ______________________, etc.
For this to work, there has to be an ________________ among the existing spouses.

7. Polyandry
______________, mostly occurs in __________________- Tibet, ______________, India, and ____________________.
Sometimes this is due to a __________________________
Sometimes the polyandry is _________________________ (a female marries all ____________________ in a family).
Polyandry restricts the number of ________ and _________
This is effective in a society where resources are _____________

8. Same Sex Marriages
As of _________, the United States Supreme Court stated that same sex marriages were legal in all _______________
Its also legal in ____________, Scotland, ______________, Wales, and many other European countries.
South America & _____________________
Other societies/tribes allow same sex marriages as a necessity to preserve a family’s _______________________
(See next slide for example.)

9. Example: In Sudan, a Nuer woman can marry a woman if her father has _________________, but __________ to carry on the family’s name
His daughter becomes the “___________________” husband of another woman.
It is a _______________ relationship rather than a _____________ one.
The “wife” has ___________________, whom the female “husband” ___________________, until she gets pregnant.
The child is accepted as the offspring of ___________________and the ___________. Although the female husband is _______ the actual __________________ (the biological father of the children), she is the pater, or _________________________________father.
Therefore, the ______________ descent line is continued.

10. Why do we marry?
In many __________________ societies, there are two types of people: ______________________________
Marriage is one of the ________________ ways to convert strangers into _____________________
Therefore, __________________ (the practice of seeking a spouse outside of one’s group) is often necessary.

11. Exogamy Links people to a wider ___________________________
By forcing members to marry outside their society, a group increases its _____________________
In many cultures, marriage __________________ can be maintained between groups even when one ______________
_______________ - if a wife dies, the husband marries her sister
_________ - a widow marries the brother of her deceased husband

12. Opposite of Exogamy is Endogamy
_________________ - marrying a person from within your own group
Examples include:
1. ________________________ System - must marry within your social class
2. ______________________ (including brother and sister) - only a _______________has the royal mana and is therefore the only appropriate wife for a king. (__________________ & N. Africa)
3. _________________________, also have practiced endogamy, but based on __________________ marriage rather than sibling marriage.
This ensured _______________remained in same family lineage.

13. * In the United States, we see marriage as an _________________ decision, predicated upon ________________________ love.
* Outside of ________________ societies, marriage is often a relationship between _______________, rather than individuals.

14. * Descent groups often assist with marriage by contributing the _____________, a customary _________ before, at, or after the marriage from the ____________ and his kin to the ___________ and her kin.
* A _________________ compensates the bride’s group for the loss of her __________________ and _____________. Moreover, it makes the _________ born to the woman full members of the husband’s _________________ group.

15. * The opposite of a bridewealth is a ________, which is __________ or substantial _________ provided from the ___________ family to the ___________________ family.
* A dowry correlates with _____ female __________.
* Women are perceived as _______________. When husbands and their families take a wife, they expect to be ________________ for the added ___________
(best known from _________________)

16. Divorce - Ease of divorce varies among cultures:
Marriages that are _________________ between groups are ____________ to break up than marriages that are more ___________________ affairs.
Payments of ____________ also discourage divorce.
Divorce is more common in countries where ____________ have more _________________
Divorce is harder in _____________ societies as the woman may be less inclined to leave her ___________

17. Divorce in the United States
U.S. has one of the world’s _________ divorce rates
The U.S. has a very large percentage of gainfully ______________________ women.
Americans value _________________________
NOTE: ________________is illegal in America, but Americans do practice serial _____________, through multiple ____________________________________.