1. CHEMICAL BONDING CHART INTRA-MOLECULAR BOND TYPE
Element
Compound
Element / Compound?
0,0
> 2,0
Metal / Non-metal?
Calculate Difference in ENs
Non-metal
INTRA-MOLECULAR BOND TYPE No
0,1 - 0,8
0,9 - 2,0
Metal
Noble Gas?
Yes
Metallic
None
Pure Covalent
Non-polar
Covalent
Polar Covalent
Ionic
Individual Molecules?
Symmetrical?
Yes
No - i.e. Polar No
Yes
INTER-MOLECULAR
BOND TYPE
HF, H2O, NH3 ,
alcohol or carboxylic acid? No
Yes
Metallic
Pure Covalent
London Forces
Dipole-dipole
Hydrogen Bonds
Ionic
Conduct electricity
in any phase;
ductile; malleable;
have lustre;
sonorous; m.pts.
and b.pts. vary
considerably.
Atomic Solids
Van der Waals Crystals
Highly polar
molecules. M.pts.
and b.pts. are
relatively high.
Example: water
Consist of cations
and anions. High
m.pts. and b.pts.
Crystals are hard
and brittle. Liquid
and gas phase con-
duct electricity.
Consist of noble gas atoms or non-polar molecules including
those of diatomic elements. M.pts. and b.pts. are relatively
low but increase with increasing molecular mass. Sublima-
tion is common. Examples: CO2; O2; I2; naphthalene
PROPERTIES
GENERAL
Crystals consist of
covalently bonded
atoms. High m.pts.
and b.pts.
Example: diamond
Molecular Solids