1. “Marine Reptiles & Birds”
Chapter 13
“Marine Reptiles & Birds”

2. 13.1 Marine Reptiles Adaptations of Reptiles
Possess lungs instead of gills
Amniotic egg- contains a large yolk to nourish the embryo and an egg case to prevent it from drying out
Fertilization is internal
3 chambered heart (except for crocodilians which have 4)
Salt glands- secrete salty tears to get rid of excess salt in their body

3. Salt water crocodiles Order Crocodilia
Found in Africa, Asia, Australia, and the Americas
American saltwater crocodile lives only in Florida Keys
nonagressive/shy
Grow up to 5 meters long
Endangered ( left)

5. Sea Snakes Order Squamata 55 species
All are venomous, but not aggressive
1-2 meters in length
Flatter body (side to side) than it’s land cousin
Paddlelike tail help it swim more efficiently
Salt glands in the mouth help get rid of excess salt
Nostrils are covered by a flap of tissue that keeps water from entering the lungs during dives

7. Sea Turtles Order Chelonia
6 species of marine turtles & ALL are endangered:
Hawksbill
Leatherback
Loggerhead
Kemp’s ridley
Pacific (or olive) ridley
Green

8. Hawksbill

9. Leatherback

10. Loggerhead

11. Kemp’s ridley

12. Pacific, or Olive Ridley

13. Green

14. Feeding in Sea Turtles
Most prefer coastal waters where food is plentiful
Have no teeth, but strong jaws
Sea turtles that eat jellyfish sometimes die when they mistakenly ingest plastic bags

15. Reproduction & Development
Born on land, but spend life at sea
Return to the beach they were born to mate and lay eggs
Females drag themselves on land, dig a large hole, and lay approx. 100 eggs the size of ping pong balls
The eggs are covered and protected by sand
After two months the hatchlings dig themselves out of the sand and wiggle down to the ocean

16. Development (con’t)
The sex of a sea turtle is determined by the position & temperature of its egg within the nest
28 degrees Celsius & below= males
30 degrees Celsius & above= females

17. 13.2 Marine Birds
Seabirds- birds that depend on the ocean for their survival
Nearly 9000 species
Class Aves
Feathers:
Down- small, fluffy feathers that hold in body heat
Contour- larger feathers that cover the wings and body, usually used for flight
Powder- found in aquatic birds; repel water to protect the down feathers

18. Adaptations of marine birds
Webbed feet for swimming
Salt glands to secrete excess salt
Conserve water by excreting a concentrated uric acid

19. Common shorebirds
Sandpiper- have a narrow pointed bill for poking in the sand for small invertebrates
Oystercatcher- long, red knifelike beak to catch and eat various mollusks; size of a hen

20. Snowy egret- long flexible neck and pointed bill that allow it to quickly grab small fish that dart around in shallow water; long stiltlike legs give a height advantage in being able to spot fish

21. Sea ducks- dive into the ocean to feed on mollusks, crustaceans, and fish
Sea gull- bird most identified with the ocean; scavengers that feed on dead marine animals, crabs at the beach, and garbage at a landfill

22. Diving Shorebirds
Cormorant
Common tern
Brown pelican

23. Black skimmer
Osprey

24. Diving Pelagic Birds
Seabirds that nest on islands, along coastlines and spend most of their lives at sea
Pelagic= open ocean
Wandering albatross
most oceanic and largest of all seabirds
wingspan of 3 meters
May spend 3-4 years at sea
and rarely stops flying or gliding

25. Penguins Most aquatic of all seabirds 15 species
Have no flight feathers & are completely flightless
Swim at speeds of up to 24km per hour
Diet of fish, drill, squid, and shellfish
Endothermic (warm blooded) and have a thick layer of fat under their skin and densely packed down feathers for insulation
They can generate their own body heat which allows them to live in cold regions