1. Changes and Problems of WWI
Weapons and Disease

2. The Standard Nearly all infantrymen used bolt action rifles
By the late 1880s smokeless gunpowder had been invented
War was still normal

3. The Machine Gun Led to a revolution in military tactics
No more tight formations
Small divisions had a much better chance
Led to increased importance of small division leaders, not one symbolic general.

4. Other New Toys… The Rail Gun Transported by railroad
Could fire up to thirty miles and deep into opposition’s camp.

5. The Howitzer Shell weighed over 3100 pounds
War ended before they could be utilized

6. Poison Gas
By 1918, one in every four artillery shells contained some kind of gas.
In 1918, Hitler(a German corporal) was temporarily blinded by a British gas attack

7. 3 Types of Gas:
1. Tearing Agent- caused temporary blindness. Gas mask was a good defense for this.
2. Asphyxiant- Gas mask could not filter this deadly gas. Included chlorine, phosgene, disphosgene.
3. Blistering Agent- the most dreaded mustard gas. This gas acts on exposed moist skin. Gas mask= nothing!!

10. Trench Warfare

11. Trench Warfare
Both sides “dug in” and waited for the other to make a move.
Soldiers stayed in their trenches for weeks or months at a time
Some went crazy and others got…

12. TRENCH FOOT Caused from standing in muddy water for hours.
Affected the allied troops more due to the fact that the Germans usually had the higher land.

13. More Feet
Serious disorder, especially during over 20,000 allied troops affected at this time.
In all, over 74,000 allied troops affected.

14. How to treat the foot: Change socks several times a day.
Rub grease made from whale oil on each other’s feet.
A battalion at the front would use 10 gallons of whale oil a day.