1. Aim: Trace the Growth of Nationalism in China

2. An Upsurge in Chinese Nationalism
Humiliated by their loss of power, many Chinese pressed for strong reforms
Chinese emperor demanded change
June 1898: Emperor introduced measures to modernize China
Called for reorganizing China’s educational system, strengthening the economy, modernizing the military, & streamlining the government
Qing officials saw these innovations as threats to their power
Placed emperor under arrest & took control of government 2

3. The Boxer Rebellion
Widespread frustration finally erupted into violence
Poor peasants & workers resented the special privileges granted to foreigners
Also resented Chinese Christians
To demonstrate discontent, rebels formed a secret organization called the Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists
AKA The Boxer or Boxer Rebellion
August 1900: Multinational force of 19,000 troops marched on Beijing & defeated the Boxers
A strong sense of nationalism had emerged in China 3

4. The Beginnings of Reforms
The Qing court realized that China needed to make profound changes to survive
1905: Empress sent a select group of Chinese officials on a world tour to study the operation of different countries
Traveled to Japan, United States, Britain, France, Germany, Russia, & Italy
Spring 1906: Officials recommended that China restructure its government
Empress convened a national assembly within a year
1908, Court announced that it would establish a full constitutional government by 1917
China experienced unrest for next 4 decades 4