1. Agriculture Research Conference
Exploring the Agricultural Innovation Continuum – The Case of Kenya Climate Smart Agriculture Project
Dr. Ladisy K. Chengula, Lead Agriculture Economist Agriculture Global Practice, The World Bank
Agriculture Research Conference
September 13, 2018

2. The Context

3. Attaining SDG 1 and SDG 2 depends on ensuring food system is productive, resilient, and contributes to tackling climate change …
Meeting the rising demand for food and ending hunger and food insecurity requires climate-smart food system that:
Improves agricultural productivity;
Builds resilience to climate change; and
Lowers greenhouse gas emissions.
Kenya Climate Smart Agriculture Project (KCSAP) aims to address tradeoffs and synergies to secure these triple-wins: productivity, adaptation, and mitigation.

4. World food demand will be 40% higher by 2050 …
MORE FOOD
+17%
+47%
+155%
+27%
+51%

5. Demand for non-cereal crops will increase the most …
DIFFERENT FOOD

6. TOMORROW – The Food System could be THE Climate Change Problem …
SUST. FOOD
Projections of Global, Agriculture and Land Use Change Related Emissions towards 2050 (Gt CO2e)
Global Emissions: 49.1 Gt
Agriculture Business As Usual
Ag. Reduces Proportional to Other Sectors
Global Emissions:
21-22 Gt
Global Emissions:
21-22 Gt
~70% of Total
25%
5.4 Gt LULUCF*
~25% of Total
5.4 Gt LULUCF*
11%
- 5.5 Gt
9.5 Gt Agriculture
60% GAP
14%
6.4 Gt Agriculture
45%
4 GT Agriculture
4 Gt Agriculture
TODAY
‘2C’ Ensuring Emission Level
WRI 2013
*Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry

7. Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asian Countries are Considerably More Vulnerable to Climate Change and Variability than Much of the Rest of the World …
African countries are considerably more vulnerable to climate variability and change than much of the rest of the developing world.
Climate change affects the ability of natural capital to deliver its wide range of products and services including food, fodder, timber, and the regulation of water cycles
The employment and well-being of 40–60 percent of Africans are affected by climate change and variability

8. What does all this mean for Kenya?
Kenya must adopt a growing spectrum of interventions – policies, practices, and innovations – to secure triple-wins to achieve food and nutrition security, and broader development goals under a changing climate and increasing food demand 8

9. How can Kenya achieve climate-smart agriculture? …
Sustained agricultural productivity gains require investments that build resilience to climate shocks and climate change
Agriculture needs to reduce its GHG emissions and become part of the solution to tackle climate change
Realigning incentive policies currently in place can improve the climate smartness of the food system
A renewed urgency is needed to sustain climate-smart agricultural research to deliver needed science-based solutions

10. A Case Study: Climate –Smart Agriculture in Kenya

11. In Kenya Drought is the Most Significant Driver of Volatility in Agriculture Production …

12. Kenya has adopted Climate Change Policies, Strategies and Plans …
National Climate Change Response Strategy (NCCRS, 2010)
National Climate Change Action Plan (NCCAP, 2012) - operationalizes the NCCRS, focus on low-carbon, climate-resilient development for achieving SDG 13 (combating climate change and its impacts)
Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) - energy, transport, industry, agriculture, forestry and waste management
Kenya Climate Change Bill (2014)
Climate-Smart Agriculture Program (CSAP, 2015–2030)
National Policy on Climate Finance (2015)
Country Climate Risk Profile (2015) – with TA from CIAT
County Climate Risk Profiles (32 done – 13 ongoing) – with TA from CIAT

13. A conceptual framework for the Kenya Climate Smart Agriculture Project (KCSAP) …
Project Development Objective (PDO)
“To increase agricultural productivity and build resilience to climate change risks in the targeted smallholder farming and pastoral communities in Kenya, and in the event of an Eligible Crisis or Emergency, to provide immediate and effective response.”
PDO/Outcome Indicators
Direct project beneficiaries (number), of which female (percent);
Productivity Indicator - Increased in productivity of selected crops, livestock, and aquaculture value chains (percent); and
Resilience Indicator - Direct project beneficiaries adopting at least one TIMP promoted by the project (percent).

14. Project Area - 24 Counties selected using agreed criteria …
Arid Counties
Semi-Arid Counties
Non-ASAL Counties 1
Marsabit
West Pokot
Busia 2
Isiolo
Baringo
Siaya 3
Tana River
Laikipia
Nyandarua 4
Garissa
Nyeri
Bomet 5
Wajir
Tharaka Nithi
Kericho 6
Mandera
Lamu
Kakamega 7
Taita Taveta
Uasin Gishu 8
Kajiado
Elgeyo Marakwet 9
Machakos 10
Kisumu

15. KCSAP focuses on increasing productivity, building resilience, with reducing GHG emissions - as a co-benefit …
Improving water/soil management, especially within smallholder maize systems in the marginal rainfall zones [(i.e. in smallholder mixed crop- livestock, crop-livestock-tree production (Agro-silvo-pastoral systems), and crop-forest production (agro-forestry)], and value addition
Promoting sustainable, community‐driven rangeland management, value addition, and improved access to quality livestock services in ASALs (i.e. in pastoral/extensive livestock production systems)
Supporting the generation and dissemination of technologies and innovations, and building a sustainable seed system
Supporting Climate-Smart knowledge generation and enhancing quality and access to climate/advisory services among farmers/herders for improved production decision-making

16. The IDA US$250 million KCSAP has five components …
1. Upscaling Climate-Smart Agricultural Practices (US$150 million)
2. Strengthening Climate-Smart Agricultural Research and Seed Systems (US$50 million)
3. Supporting Agro-weather, Market, Climate and Advisory Services (US$30 million)
4. Project Coordination and Management (US$20 million)
5. Emergency Contingency Response (US$0 million)

17. Component 1: Upscaling Climate-Smart Agricultural Practices (US$150 million) …
Objective – Upscaling implementation of CSA practices for triple-wins
Sub-component 1.1: Building Institutional Capacity and Strengthening Service Delivery (US$20 million)
Objective – Enhancing the capacity of county, ward and services providers to plan, prioritize and effectively provide advisory services
Supporting CSA planning and prioritization at county and ward level
Facilitating county and ward technical departments
Facilitating community institutions
Contracting advisory service providers
Mainstreaming nutrition

18. Sub-component 1.2: Supporting Investments in Smallholder Agro-pastoral Systems (US$65 million) …
Objective - Supporting farmers and agro-pastoralists to implement CSA TIMPs that provide triple-wins
Improving water and soil management
Supporting crop-livestock-tree integration
Promoting livelihoods diversification
Supporting crop-livestock integration
Mainstreaming nutrition

19. Sub-component 1.3: Supporting Investments in Pastoral Production Systems (US$65 million) …
Objective - Supporting pastoralists to implement CSA TIMPs and county level livestock sub-sector investments in NEDI counties – Marsabit, Isiolo, Tana River, Garissa, Wajir, Mandera, and Lamu
At the community level
Supporting innovative institutional arrangements for community-based rangeland management and sustainable resource use practices
Supporting fodder production, storage and marketing
Supporting small-scale livestock fattening operations
At the county level
Equipping and upgrading selected abattoirs – Wajir, Marsabit, Isiolo, and Garissa
Supporting the development of disease free zones
Supporting breeding and animal feed production programs

20. Component 2: Strengthening Climate-Smart Agricultural Research and Seed Systems (US$50 million) …
Objective – Sustainable CSA technologies development and dissemination
Sub-component 2.1: Supporting Climate-Smart Agricultural Research and Innovations (US$35 million)
Supporting research on climate smart crops
Supporting research on climate smart livestock and aquaculture
Supporting socio-economic research
Supporting sustainable land, water and agro-forestry research
Supporting bio-energy research
Sub-component 2.2: Building Sustainable Seed Systems (US$10 million)
Producing and maintaining early generation seed
Strengthening seed production systems
Strengthening seed and inputs retail networks
Developing and advocating conducive legal framework for seed
Developing national public-private dialogue platforms on seeds

21. Component 2: Strengthening Climate-Smart Agricultural Research and Seed Systems (US$50 million) …
Objective – Sustainable CSA technologies development and dissemination
Sub-component 2.3: Strengthening Technical Capacity to Coordinate Research and Seed Systems (US$5.0 million)
Training 11 PhD and 20 MSc Degree researchers – locally and internationally
Retooling of scientists – short term courses/seminars/workshops/conferences
Upgrading and rehabilitating research infrastructure – ASAL research centers, laboratory and ICT equipment, research farms/plots, farm machinery

22. KCSAP basic principles for development and dissemination of agricultural technologies and innovation …
Demand driven – by famers, agro-pastoralists, pastoralists, seed companies, breeders, agro-input dealers, aggregators, processors, exporters
Competitive and collaborative – NARS (KALRO, Universities, Private Sector), CGIAR Centers (CIMMYT, ILRI, ICRAF, CIAT, ICRISAT), International Research and Regional Agricultural Research Institutes, and on-farm trials
Context-specific CSA TIMPs – addressing critical constraints along the value chains (crops, livestock and fisheries) and agroecological zones
Market-driven seed distribution system – private sector involvement (STAK, PBAK, KLBO) in multiplication and distribution of seeds, breeds
Training and retooling of scientist – PhDs, MScs, Technicians
Incubation centers and internships – Startups and young scientists
Knowledge management and sharing - ICT-based Agricultural Information Platform (CSA M&E and MIS) that are harmonized with GACSA and AACSA platforms

23. Component 3: Supporting Agro-weather, Market, Climate and Advisory Services (US$30 million) …
Objective – Increase farmers’ access to timely information for decision-making
Sub-component 3.1: Improving Agro-meteorological Forecasting and Monitoring (US$15 million)
Mapping existing agro-meteorological and hydrological stations
Establishing agro-meteorological centers
Installing new automated agro-weather stations
Developing early warning system (EWS)
Sub-component 3.2: Developing Integrated Weather and Market Information System (US$5 million)
Developing “Big Data” for CSA – including collecting data for agricultural insurance
Strengthening existing Market Information System (MIS)
Delivering integrated agro-weather and market advisory services using ICT platforms

24. Component 3: Supporting Agro-weather, Market, Climate and Advisory Services (US$30 million) …
Sub-component 3.3: Building Institutional and Technical Capacity (US$10 million)
Sensitizing stakeholder and creating awareness
Undertaking institutional reforms to accommodate “Big Data” activities
Training technical staff on analytics (6 PhDs and 30 MScs) and Operations &Maintenance of modern/new systems (short courses)

25. Component 4: Project Coordination and Management (US$20 million) …
Objective – Facilitate project implementation
Subcomponent 4.1: Project Coordination (US$15 million)
Supporting Operations &Maintenance of NPCU and 24 CPCUs
Supporting Fiduciary and Safeguards compliance
Subcomponent 4.2: Monitoring & Evaluation and Impact Evaluation (US$5 million)
Developing ICT-based Agricultural Information Platform (CSA M&E and MIS) and harmonizing with GACSA and AACSA platforms
Supporting routine M&E functions - data collection, analysis and reporting
Supporting Impact Evaluation - baseline, mid-point and end of the project

26. Component 5: Emergency Contingency Response (US$0 million) …
Objective – Financing recovery efforts from natural and man-made disasters
Triggered through formal declaration of the national emergency or crisis by the national government authority e.g. President
Requires formal request from GoK to the World Bank to reallocate funds from project components to finance emergence response expenditures
GoK to prepare and submit to the World Bank detailed Contingency Emergency Response Implementation Plan (CERIP)
Appropriate procurement practices under emergency may be used

27. THANK YOU!