1. 2.3
Mughal Empire in India

2. Mughal Empire Babur controls northern India
Akbar (Babur’s grandson) greatest Mughal leader
Believes king must be aggressive to avoid being conquered
Continued Muslim tradition of religious tolerance
Married Hindu princesses & allowed them to practice Hinduism
Abolishes religious taxes
Hires Jesuit priest to educate son
All cultures could rise to power in government

3. Mughal Empire Has smart tax policy Gave land to government officials
Tax is proportionate to value of crops
Result = more people paid taxes because it is fair
Gave land to government officials
Took back land after official died
What is the impact of this?
Officials would not work land since it would not stay in their family after death

4. Mughal Empire Persian = language of high culture
Hindi = language of common citizen
Urdu = language spoken by the soldiers
Blend of Arabic, Persian, & Hindi
Currently the official language of Pakistan
Jahangir and Nur Jahan rule after Akbar
Jahangir = son of Akbar; Nur Jahan = wife
Nur Jahan rules most of Mughal Empire

5. Mughal Empire
Nur Jahan favors a son to be future ruler but son rebels against Jahangir; son removed
Rebellious son follows Sikh (pronounced “seek”) religion
Sikhs = non-violent and independent
Mughals target Sikhs for sheltering rebellious son
Shah Jahan takes power of Mughal Empire
Assassinates all possible rivals
Shah Jahan’s wife dies while giving birth to 14th child
Builds Taj Mahal as tomb for her

6. Taj Mahal

7. Taj Mahal
Taj Mahal considered one of the most beautiful buildings in the world
Takes 22 years to build
Citizens suffer due to construction of Taj Mahal
Famine
Irrigation systems not constructed to help farmers
Roads & tools not available to farmers
Taxes consistently raised to pay for construction of Taj Mahal

8. Aurangzeb Son of Shah Jahan Executes older brother Puts father in jail
Rigidly enforces Islamic law
Outlaws drinking, gambling, & other vices
Censors citizens and polices prayer
Reinstates non-Muslim tax
Removes Hindus from government
Wars cause downfall of empire because of high taxes needed to pay for costs