1. THE BACK

2. VISUAL LANDMARKS
EOP
SPINOUS C7
ILIAC CREST L4
SCAPULA

3. SCAPULA LATERAL/ GLENOID SUPERIOR SUPERIOR MEDIAL INFERIOR LATERAL
TRIANGULAR BONE
MEDIAL
BORDERS
ANGLES
SPINE
ACROMION
ARTICULATIONS
CLAVICLE
HUMERUS
INFERIOR
LATERAL

4. SKIN AND SUPERFICIAL FASCIA
THIN SKIN
RELATIVELY THIN SUPERFICIAL FASCIA
POSTERIOR CUTANEOUS NERVES

5. SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES UPPER EXTREMITY MUSCLES TRAPEZIUS LATISSIMUS DORSI
Functional anatomy

6. SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES (Cont.)
RHOMBOID (MAJOR AND MINOR)
LEVATOR SCAPULAE
Functional anatomy

7. INTERMEDIATE MUSCLES SERRATUS POSTERIOR SUPERIOR
SERRATUS POSTERIOR INFERIOR
Functional anatomy

8. DEEP MUSCLES
SPLENIUS MUSCLES
Functional anatomy

9. THORACOLUMBAR FASCIA DEEP SUPERFICIAL 2 OR 3 LAYERS THORACIC LEVELS:
TWO LAYERS
LUMBAR LEVELS:
3 LAYERS
DEEP
Functional anatomy

10. THORACOLUMBAR FASCIA CON’T
SURROUNDS ERRECTOR SPINAE
INJURY LEADS TO COMPARTMENT SYNDROME
PAIN & STRAIGHTENING OF LUMBAR LORDOSIS
(Peck et al, 1986)

11. SACROSPINALIS (ERECTOR SPINAE) GROUP
COMMON ORIGIN:
ILIOCOSTALIS MUSCLES
LONGISSIMUS MUSCLES
SPINIALIS MUSCLES
ACTIONS:
INNERVATION:
Functional anatomy

12. SEMISPINALIS MUSCLES SEMISPINALIS THORACICIS SEMISPINALIS CERVICIS
SEMISPINALIS CAPITIS
Functional anatomy

13. SMALL, DEEP MUSCLES OF THE BACK
MULTIFIDUS
ROTATORES
INTERSPINALIS (NOT SEEN)
INTERTRANSVERSARII
LEVATOR COSTARUM
Functional anatomy

14. SUBOCCIPITAL TRIANGLE
DEEP TO SEMISPINALIS CAPITIS
BOUNDARIES:
RECTUS CAPITIS POSTERIOR MAJ.
SUPERIOR OBLIQUOUS CAPITIS
INFERIOR OBLIQUOUS CAPITIS
Functional anatomy

15. SUBOCCIPITAL TRIANGLE MUSCLES:
SUP. OBLIQUUS CAPITIS
INF. OBLIQUUS CAPITIS
RECTUS CAPITIS POST. MAJ.
RECTUS CAPITIS POST. MIN.
Functional anatomy

16. SUBOCCIPITAL TRIANGLE ARTERIES
VERTEBRAL ARTERY
OCCIPITAL ARTERY (NOT SHOWN)
Functional anatomy

17. REDUCED BLOOD SUPPLY VERTEBRAL A.
PROLONGED TURNING OF THE HEAD CAUSES DIZZINESS, NAUSEA, BLURRY VISION
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS
COMPRESSION SECONDARY TO DJD

18. SUBOCCIPITAL TRIANGLE NERVES
SUBOCCIPITAL NERVE
GREATER OCCIPITAL NERVE
Functional anatomy

19. ARTHROLOGY

20. JOINTS OF THE VERTEBRAL BODIES
INTERVERTEBRAL DISC
ANULUS FIBROSUS
NUCLEUS PULPOSUS
SYNDESMOSES
ANT. LONG. LIG.
POST. LONG. LIG.
Functional anatomy

21. JOINTS OF THE VERTEBRAL ARCH:
ZYGAPOPHYSEAL JOINTS
GLIDING JOINT
SYNDESMOSES
LIGAMENTUM FLAVA
INTERSPINUS LIG.
SUPRASPINOUS LIG.
INTERTRANSVERSUS LIG. (NOT SHOWN)
Functional anatomy

22. ATLANTO-AXIAL JOINTS PIVOT JOINT BETWEEN DENS AND ANTERIOR ARCH OF C1
SYNOVIAL JOINT
UNIAXIAL (PIVOT)
SHAKING HEAD “NO”
Functional anatomy

23. ATLANTO-OCCIPITAL JOINTS
OCCIPITAL CONDYLES & C1
SYNOVIAL JOINT
OCCIPITAL BONE AND ATLAS
UNIAXIAL
SHAKING HEAD “YES”
Functional anatomy