1. You have an SOL Review Quiz this morning! STUDY! 
Bell Ringer
You have an SOL Review Quiz this morning! STUDY! 

2. Terms You Need to Know…
The Age of Imperialism: a time period beginning around 1700, saw (generally European) industrializing nations engaging in the process of colonizing, influencing, and annexing other parts of the world in order to gain political and economic power and natural resources.
Imperialism: the extension of a country's authority by territorial acquisition or by the establishment of economic and political dominance over other territories.
Social Darwinism: the application of Darwinism to the study of human society, specifically a theory in sociology that individuals or groups achieve advantage over others as the result of genetic or biological superiority.

3. Causes of Imperialism:
As a result of the Industrial Revolution, European countries began to compete with one another politically and economically, including for sources of raw materials.
Other causes included nationalism and the racist beliefs of Social Darwinism, which led to the belief that native peoples needed to be “civilized” by teaching them European culture.
Two important targets for the European powers was Africa and Asia.

4. There are three different forms of imperialism…
Colony: a country or area under the full or partial political control of another country, typically a distant one, and occupied by settlers from that country.
Protectorate: a country that is controlled and protected by another’s military.
Spheres of influence: a country or area in which another country has power to affect developments although it has no formal authority.

5. Imperialism in Africa
European imperialism in Africa came as a result of the Industrial Revolution and the desire for various natural resources.
Causes of Imperialism in Africa
Economic competition for raw materials
Missionaries want to convert Africans to Christianity
Social Darwinism – efforts to “civilize” Africans
Europeans now able to go into African interior due to new technology, such as boats, railroads, and various forms of communications

6. Imperialism in Africa (cont’d)
For the Europeans, the territories of Africa are very easy to conquer and colonize…
Keys to Imperialism:
The Europeans have better weapons than the African people
Technological advancements made transportation better – able to access the interior of Africa easier
Africa is not unified, making it much easier for Europeans to take control
The Europeans use African tribes that are rivals against each other to gain the territories

7. Imperialism in Africa (cont’d)
European Imperialism in Africa all started in 1830 when France invaded and took over Algeria. In 1869, after the opening of the Suez Canal, Great Britain made Egypt a protectorate (a country that is controlled and protected by another’s military). The French continued to expand and eventually took over Sudan, while Belgium claimed Congo, Portugal established colonies in Mozambique, and Spain claimed the Canary Islands off the northwestern shore of the continent. The European countries are able to avoid conflict with one another over the territories in Africa by agreeing to carve it up amongst themselves.

8. Imperialism in Africa (cont’d)
At the Berlin Conference in 1884, the major powers of Europe met to divide the continent of Africa amongst themselves in order to avoid war. By the end of the 19th century, the European countries controlled nearly all of Africa from France’s Algeria in the north to Great Britain’s South Africa.

9. Imperialism in Asia
European Imperialism in Asia began in the 17th and 19th centuries and then expanded dramatically in the 19th century as a result of the Industrial Revolution. Great Britain took full control of India in the 18th century. The British imported tea and cotton from India, with the British East India Company. India became known as Britain’s “Jewel in the Crown,” but they seriously disrupted Indian culture and were deeply resented as a result. Great Britain also had control of other territories in Asia, such as parts of China.

10. Imperialism in Asia (cont’d)
Other European countries, besides Great Britain, also established other spheres of influence (a country or area in which another country has power to affect developments although it has no formal authority) in China, such as the Netherlands, Russia, France, and Germany, as well as in other Asian countries. As a result of European Imperialism in Asia, the United States was able to open up trade with Japan by sending warships under Commodore Matthew Perry in This led to Japan becoming a western-style military and industrial power in years to come.