1. QUOTING vs. PARAPHRASING vs. SUMMARIZING

2. What does it mean to quote?

3. Quotation: The exact words of a source enclosed in quotation marks.

4. Guidelines For Using Quotations
1. Use quotes from authorities to support or refute what you write.
2. Never use a quote as your thesis or topic sentence.
3. Select quotes for these reasons:
Its language is particularly appropriate or distinctive
Its idea is hard to paraphrase accurately
The authority is especially important for support

5. Guidelines For Using Quotations
4. Never allow quotes to make up more than 25% of your paper. 5. Quote accurately (check and recheck) 6. Integrate quotes smoothly into your writing 7. Avoid plagiarism

6. Original by Matt Ridley: Human beings differ from chimpanzees in having complex, grammatical language. But language does not spring fully formed from the brain; it must be learned from other language-speaking human beings. This capacity to learn is written into the human brain by genes that open and close a critical window during which learning takes place. One of those genes, FoxP2, has recently been discovered on human chromosome 7 by Anthony Monaco and his colleagues at the Wellcome Trust Centre. Just having the gene is not enough. If a child is not exposed to a lot of spoken language during the critical learning period, he or she will always struggle with speech.
Is this an effective use of a quote?
Parents should continually read to and speak with young children because “if children are not exposed to a lot of spoken language during the critical learning period of childhood, they will always struggle with speech” (Ridley, 2003, p. 60).

7. What is a paraphrase?

8. Paraphrase: precisely restates in your own words and writing style the written or spoken words of someone else.

9. Guidelines for writing paraphrases
1. Use to support or counter what you write 2. Never use as a thesis or topic sentence. 3. Say what the source says, no more. 4. Use your own words and writing style.

10. Guidelines for writing paraphrases
5. Never distort the meaning.
6. Expect your work to be as long as, even longer than the original.
7. Integrate smoothly into your writing.
8. Avoid plagiarism.

11. EXAMPLE
Original from Hurlburt: The available data suggest that the road to maturity hasn’t become as drastically different as people think-or as drawn out, either. It’s true that the median age of marriage rose to 25 for women and almost 27 for men in 2000, from 20 and 23, respectively, in 1960.
Is this an acceptable PARAPHRASE?
Data suggest that the road to maturity hasn’t changed as much as people think. True, the median age of marriage was 25 for women and 27 for men in 2000, up from 20 and 23 in 1960.

12. Original from Ann Hurlburt: The available data suggest that the road to maturity hasn’t become as drastically different as people think-or as drawn out, either. It’s true that the median age of marriage rose to 25 for women and almost 27 for men in 2000, from 20 and 23, respectively, in 1960.
This one is better…
According to Hurlburt, statistics show that people are wrong when they believe our society is delaying maturity. She acknowledges that between 1960 and 2000, the median age at which women married rose from 20 to 25 (for men it went from 23 to 27).

13. What is a summary?

14. Summary: provides only the main point of an entire source.

15. Guidelines For Using Summaries
1. Use summaries from authorities to support or refute what you write.
Identify the main points and condense them using your own words.
Never use a summary as your thesis or topic sentence.
Keep your summary short

16. Guidelines For Using Summaries
Integrate summaries smoothly into your writing.
Avoid plagiarism

17. HOMEWORK