1. Latin American Revolutions

3. Revolution in Latin America
When Napoleon deposed the king of Spain during the Peninsular War, liberal Creoles (colonists born in Spanish America) seized control of many colonies in America.
When the CoV restored the king to the Spanish throne, royalist peninsulares (colonists born in Spain) tried to regain control of these colonial governments

4. In response, the Spanish king took steps to tighten control over the American colonies
This action angered the Mexicans, who rose in revolt and successfully threw off Spain’s control.
Other Spanish colonies in Latin America also claimed independence. At about the same time, Brazil declared independence from Portugal.

5. Nationalism: A Force for Unity or Disunity?
In the 1800s

6. What is nationalism?
The belief that people’s greatest loyalty should not be to a king or an empire, but to a nation of people who share a common culture and history

7. What is a nation-state?
An independent geopolitical unit of people having a common culture and identity
A nation-state has its own government
A nation-state defends the nation’s territory and way of life and it represents the nation to the rest of the world.

8. 6 bonds that create a NS 1) Culture 2) History 3) Language
A shared way of life (food, dress, behavior, ideals)
2) History
A common past; common experience
3) Language
Different dialects of one language; one dialect becomes “national language”

9. 4) Territory 5) Nationality 6) Religion
A certain territory that belongs to the ethnic group; its “land”
5) Nationality
Belief in common ethnic ancestry that may or may not be true
6) Religion
A religion shared by all or most of the people

10. EXERCISE
For each bond, give examples of how each are represented in the United States.

11. Types of Nationalist Movements
CHARACTERISTICS
EXAMPLES
Unification
Mergers of politically divided but culturally similar lands
19th century Germany (Otto von Bismarck) and Italy (Giuseppe Garibaldi)
Separation
Culturally distinct group resists being added to a state or tries to break away
-Greeks in the Ottoman Empire
- French-speaking Canadians
State-building
Culturally distinct groups form into a new state by accepting a single culture
The United States
Turkey

12. HONORS - Examples throughout history
POSITIVE RESULTS of nationalism
NEGATIVE RESULTS of nationalism
People within a nation overcoming their differences for the common good
The overthrow of colonial rule
Forced assimilation of minority cultures into a nation’s majority culture
Ethnic cleansing, such as in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the 1990s
- Democratic governments in nations throughout the world
- The rise of extreme nationalistic movements, such as Nazism
- Competition among nations spurring scientific and technological advances
- Competition between nations leading to warfare

13. HONORS - Ex: Impact of Nationalism
Between , 47 African countries overthrew colonial rulers and became independent nations
In the 1990s, the republics of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Slovenia and Macedonia broke away from Yugoslavia
In 2003, Yugoslavia changed its name to Serbia and Montenegro
Europe has about 47 countries (some of those lie partially in Europe and Asia). About 50 languages are spoken in the region
In most of Latin America, Spanish or Portuguese is the official language.

14. Questions:
1) What types of nationalist movements can evolve in lands with culturally distinct groups?
2) What must be present for state-building to take place?
3) How is New West an example of all three movements?