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Computer communications
HTML & CSS
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HTML Web pages are text pages that have special markup called HTML which tells a web browser how to display the page. HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language.
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HTML <html> <head> <title>a basic page</title>
<body> A basic web page </body> </html> All web pages start with a <html> tag and end with the closing </html> tag. This tells the web browser that the page is a web page. Web pages are divided into two sections. The head section contains information that is not displayed in the main browser window. This is often JavaScript code that can make the page interactive or style information that can make a page look more colourful. The next section is the body section. Everything in this section is displayed inside the browser window.
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HTML Tags <h1> .. <h6>
Description <h1> .. <h6> Headings This tag make text look bold. <h1> is a large heading while <h6> is a very small heading <a> A anchor tag. This tag enables you to link to pages together by creating a hyperlink. <table> This tag lets the browser know a table is to follow. The next two tags determine the layout of the table. <tr> A table row. <td> Table data. These appear in a row to make the columns. Having three <td> tags in a <tr> will make a row with three columns. <form> This is a data entry form and tells the browser where to send the data. <input> These are the inputs such as textboxes, buttons and radio buttons etc . <ul> This tells the browser that an unordered list is to follow. <li> This is an item in a list. <img> This is an image tag. It links to the picture file that should be displayed.
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HTML Tag Attributes Many tags have attributes. These are keywords followed by a value in quotes. Eg: <table width=“70%”> The table tag has a width attribute that is set to 70%. This means the table is 70% of the browser window. A common attribute is a tag’s id. This can be used by JavaScript to select a tag to change it.
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CSS Cascading Style Sheets are used to help provide extra information about the appearance of HTML content. One CSS file can be used to style a whole website. Changes made to the CSS file will effect the whole site, making changes faster.
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Examples of CSS These are the same page but with different CSS files applied
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Javascript To make web pages interactive a programming language must be used. JavaScript is a script based interpreted language that can be embedded in webpages to allow for interactivity and animation. A combination of HTML, CSS and JavaScript can be used to create complex interactive websites and even games. A version of Angry Birds and Cut the Rope is playable online and all programmed using HTML, CSS and JavaScript. Javascript is often used to validate forms. This prevents data that is not sensible or acceptable from being submitted to websites for processing.
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