1. Passive Constructions
Chapter 11
Passive Constructions

2. Sentence
S V O

4. Passive

5. Formation
In the passive, the object of an active verb becomes the subject of the passive verb: the boy in (a) becomes the subject of the passive verb in (b).

6. Active: Subject verb object Passive: Subject be + past participle + by doer

9. Which sentence is grammatically incorrect?
1. The girl hit the ball. 2. The ball was hit by the girl. 3. The girl was hit by the ball. 4. The ball hit the girl. 5. The girl was hitting the ball. 6. The girl was hit the ball.

10. Example on passives
Turn the three sentences into active

11. Active: Sally wrote the essay. Passive: The essay was written by Sally
Active: Sally wrote the essay. Passive: The essay was written by Sally. Active: Reem slept Passive: (none)

12. Transitive vs. Intransitive verbs
A transitive verb
1. expresses an action that moves from a doer to a receiver.
Sally wrote an essay.
2. Has one or two objects.
She wrote a story (one object)
Amer gave Maryam a book (two objects)

13. Decide if the sentences are active (A) or passive (P).
A Kate prepared the salad.
P The rice was prepared by Jamal.
___ Shirley was preparing the dessert.
___ Andy has prepared the tea.
___ New species of insects are discovered by scientists every year.
___ Our papers will be collected by the teacher next week.
___ _ Dinosaurs existed millions of years ago.
___ Anna’s car was stopped by the police.
___ Mr. Brown painted our house.
___ _ Hiroki came to our apartment for dinner last night.