1. INTELLIGENCE

2. What is Intelligence ? Intelligence is the ability to learn about, learn from understand, and interact with one’s environment. This general ability consist of a number of specific abilities : Adaptability to a new environment or to change in the current environment ,Capacity for knowledge and the ability to acquire it.

3. Approaches to define Intelligence
PSYCHOMETRIC APPROACH : gives emphasis on quantifying cognitive factors that compose intellectual performance
 Lump or put the cognitive factors together. They define Intelligence as a general unified capacity for reasoning, acquiring knowledge and solving problems.

4. Approaches
INFORMATION-PROCESSING APPROACH : defines intelligence by analyzing contents of the cognitive processes which people employ to solve problems.
Robert Strenberg’s (1985) Triarchic Theory – states that intelligence can be divided into three ways of gathering and processing information. These are :
1) Analytical or logical thinking skills which are measured by traditional intelligence tests
2) Problem-solving skills which need creative thinking
3) Practical thinking skills which help in the adjustment process of the individual.

5. Assessment of Intelligence
 In 1905, Binet and psychiatrist Theodore Simon succeeded in developing the first standardized intelligence test known as Binet- Simon Intelligence Scale. It contained questions that evaluate vocabulary, memory, common knowledge and other cognitive abilities
Mental Age – method of estimating child’s intelligence through comparing child’s intelligence through comparing child’s score on an intelligence test with the scores of average children of the same age.

6. Examples of Intelligence Test
Raven Progressive Matrices – a widely use intelligence test in many research and applied settings. In each item, one is asked to find missing pattern in a series
Standford Progressive Matrices ( average 6-80 years old)  Advance Progressive Matrices ( above average adolescents & adults)
The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale: Fourth Edition (SB: FE) is a standardized test that measures intelligence and cognitive abilities in children and adults, from age two through mature adulthood
The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale is comprised of four cognitive area scores which together determine the composite score and factor scores. These area scores include: Verbal Reasoning, Abstract/Visual Reasoning, Quantitative Reasoning, and Short-Term Memory. 

7. Types of intelligence
Fluid intelligence refers to the degree of flexibility in thinking and the ability to reason abstractly.
Crystallized intelligence refers to the degree in which an accumulation of knowledge and skills has taken place in the course of life

8. Thank you