1. This set the stage for the next stage of greek civilization …
I. EARLY GREEKS
This set the stage for the next stage of greek civilization …

2. II.GREEK CITY-STATES GEOGRAPHY
Mountainous terrain – travel by land was difficult; travel by boat was easier
Farmers used terracing to farm in the hills: sheep, goats, honey, grapes, olives
Shortage of good farmland led to wars
Traded with the Phoenicians and Persians

3. II.GREEK CITY-STATES CULTURE
Despite their lack of unity, the Greeks shared some common characteristics:
Greeks shared the same language
Greek writing was influenced by the Phoenician alphabet & became the basis for Latin

4. II.GREEK CITY-STATES CULTURE
Greeks were polytheistic & believed that the gods were immortal but had human qualities; Religion became the basis for Greek mythology
Zeus King of the gods
Athena Goddess of wisdom
Aphrodite Goddess of love
Apollo God of sun & music
Ares God of war
Hades God of underworld
Hera Goddess of family
Poseidon God of the seas
Aphrodite The sensual goddess of Love and Beauty
Apollo The youthful god of the Sun and the Music
Ares The fierce god of War
Artemis The wild goddess of the Hunt
Athena The sophisticated goddess of Wisdom and Arts
Demeter The natural goddess of the Harvest
Dionysus The joyful god of the Wine
Hades The gloomy god of the Underworld
Hephaestus The ill-favored god of Metallurgy
Hera The mature goddess of the Family
Hermes The cunning god of the Trade
Hestia The calm goddess of the Hearth
Poseidon The moody god of the Seas
Zeus The heavenly King of the Gods and ruler of mankind

5. The Greeks developed independent city-states, called polis
II.GREEK CITY-STATES
CULTURE
Most Greek city-states had an agora that was the center for trade & government
City-states had an acropolis, a temple on a hill dedicated to a sacred god
The Greeks developed independent city-states, called polis

6. Mycenae had a monarchy, a government ruled by a king
II.GREEK CITY-STATES
CULTURE
Mycenae had a monarchy, a government ruled by a king

7. Corinth had an aristocracy, a gov’t ruled by elite nobles
II.GREEK CITY-STATES
CULTURE
Corinth had an aristocracy, a gov’t ruled by elite nobles
Practiced in Corinth

8. II.GREEK CITY-STATES CULTURE
Some polis like Sparta had an oligarchy, a gov’t ruled by a small group of citizens

9. II.GREEK CITY-STATES CULTURE
Some polis like Athens had a direct democracy, a gov’t ruled by citizens who vote on decisions

10. II.GREEK CITY-STATES & Athens
SPARTA
&
Athens

12. Spartan society focused on military might
II.GREEK CITY-STATES
CULTURE
SPARTA
Spartan society focused on military might
Spartan society focused on military strength, not freedom & learning
Spartan men served in the military until 60 years old
Boys began military training at age 7
Women ran family estates while men trained or fought

14. II.GREEK CITY-STATES SPARTA
CULTURE
SPARTA
Spartan population was divided into three main groups: at the top was Spartan Proper, in the middle was Spartiates, and at the bottom was Perioikoi or “Dwellers Around”
around 735 B.C, Sparta became a leading Greek city-state
Sparta became a military superpower in 500 B.C.

16. II.GREEK CITY-STATES Athens
Athenian society focused on wealth & culture:
Athens had a direct democracy in which both rich & poor citizens could vote & hold public office
Athenians valued geometry, mathematics and science
They built giant structures never before seen

17. II.GREEK CITY-STATES Athens
Greeks contributed Drama to the world of Literature
Plays were performed in large outdoor arenas called amphitheaters
Antigone was one of the most famous: Sophocles tackles moral duty and laws of the State
Artists created realistic sculptures
Theater had both comedies & tragedies

18. II.GREEK CITY-STATES Athens
Philosophers Socrates, Plato, & Aristotle questioned assumptions & the use of logic to find answers to questions