1. The Congress of Vienna and the Congress of Europe

2. The Vienna Settlement 1814-1815
After the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars, the great powers of Europe met in Vienna to rebuilt a stable diplomatic order
Conservatives needed to reestablish legitimate governments and create mechanisms to subdue revolutionary movement

3. Negotiations were interrupted by the escape of Napoleon from Elba
The victorious powers treated France leniently as to avoid saddling the restored monarchy with a harsh treat
Principles of the congress
Legitimacy
Compensation
Balance of power

4. Leaders at the Conference
Klemens von Metternich
Austrian
Wanted to repress nationalism and build a system of collective security
Talleyrand
France
Wanted to be admitted to the family of the great powers

5. Castlereagh Prince von Hardenberg Great Britain
Wished to restore the balance of power on the continent
Did not wish to act as an international police force
Prince von Hardenberg
Prussia
Least influential at the Congress

6. Alexander I Russia Wanted to control Poland
Also wanted to create a Holy Alliance of powers against revolution

7. After almost 9 months, the powers in June 1815 decided:
Territorial Adjustments
Prussians gained 40% of Saxony
Russian tsar was named King of Poland
Created a 39 state German Confederation with Austria being the dominant power
France relinquished any conquests from the revolutionary wars

8. Alliances The great powers formed the Quadruple Alliance
France was admitted in 1818 making it the Quintuple Alliance
Austria, Prussia and Russia created the Holy Alliance as a brake on revolutionary movements

9. Indemnities Collective Security
France was required to return the art Napoleon had stolen from conquered lands
Had to support an occupation army
Collective Security
Agreed to meet periodically to discuss issues of mutual concern
Concert of Europe

10. The Congress System Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle (1818)
Occupation army was removed from France
Congress of Troppau (1820)
Revolution in Spain and Naples
Austria (with Russian and Prussian backing) subdued the revolt in Italy

11. Continued instability in Spain
Congress of Verona (1822)
Continued instability in Spain
Authorized a French army to subdue the threats to the Spanish monarchy and punish the revolutionaries
Latin American revolts against Spanish control
Britain objected strongly to getting involved in Latin America

12. No congresses met after Verona
Demonstrated the differing visions of the Concert of Europe among the “Big Five”