1. DNA Transcription and Translation
March 2013

2. Nucleic Acid Polymers that hold genetic material
What the “NA” stands for in DNA
Other than DNA there
is another type of Nucleic Acid- RNA

3. DNA vs. RNA DNA RNA # OF STRANDS NITROGEN BASES TYPE OF 5-CARBON SUGAR
PURPOSE

4. DNA vs. RNA DNA RNA 2 1 A, T, C, G A, U, G, C U=Uracil Deoxyribose
# OF STRANDS 2 1
NITROGEN BASES
A, T, C, G
A, U, G, C
U=Uracil
TYPE OF 5-CARBON SUGAR
Deoxyribose
Ribose
PURPOSE
Store genetic information
Transfer genetic information

5. Practice ACT ACG ATC GAC TAT UGA UGC UAG CUG AUA DNA Strand:
What is the Complementary RNA strand?
UGA UGC UAG CUG AUA

6. What Does RNA Do?
Reads and transfers information from DNA to parts of the cell responsible for Building Proteins
Is a temporary, reusable
copy of the Genetic Code
of certain Genes

7. Types of RNA mRNA tRNA Messenger RNA
Forms a Template of DNA in the Nucleus
After being formed, the mRNA leaves the Nucleus and travels to the Ribosome
tRNA
Transfer RNA
Connects to the mRNA in the Cytoplasm
Transfers Amino Acids (Makes up the new Protein) to the Ribosome as the Protein is being produced

8. Transcription (To Transcribe)
Copying DNA into RNA
Involves: Separated DNA Molecule, mRNA, Nucleotides, RNA Polymerase
STEP 1
RNA Polymerase unzips the Gene that codes for the needed protein
STEP 2
RNA Nucleotides use the DNA as a template to build a strand of mRNA
STEP 3
The mRNA strand travels out of the Nucleus to a Ribosome so the new Protein can be synthesized

9. A Few New Words Codon: A set of 3 Nucleotides Anticodon:
3 tRNA Nucleotides which complement a Codon
Amino Acid:
Building block of a Protein

10. What is the mRNA Code Sequence?

11. Transcription Video
4:50-5:35

12. Sketch The Process of Transcription

13. Translation
Synthesize Protein using the information from mRNA
Involves: mRNA, tRNA, amino acids, ribosome
STEP 1
mRNA codons arrive at the Ribosome in the Cytoplasm and send a signal for tRNA to pick up Amino Acids in the cell
STEP 2
tRNA receives a matching Amino Acid by finding the complementary Anti Codon to the mRNA Codon
STEP 3
Amino Acid chain begins to form into a Protein

14. Translation Video: Sketch
7:45-10:50

15. Final Products
Amino Acid Chains (Proteins) are built to perform specific functions in the cell
In the cell, Proteins have numerous jobs:
Control the rate of reactions
Regulate cell processes
Form bones and muscles
Transport substances into or out of cells
Help to fight disease