1. “Energy can neither be created or destroyed, it can only be changed from one form to another.” - Einstein

2. DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS
Bonds are formed through the removal of water
Chemical reaction in which two molecules are joined covalently by the removal of -OH from one molecule and -H atom which makes water
OH + H → H2O

3. Examples of dehydration synthesis in biomolecules
Carbohydrates Monosaccharide + Monosaccharide → Disaccharide + H2O Lipids 1 Glycerol + 3 Fatty Acids → Triglyceride + 3 H2O Proteins 2 Amino Acids → Dipeptide + H2O

4. HYDROLYSIS
Bonds are broken through the addition of water
Adding water splits the molecules into smaller units
Splitting polymers into monomers
Reverse reaction of dehydration synthesis
2 H2O →2 H2 + O2

5. Examples of hydrolysis in biomolecules
Carbohydrates Disaccharide + H2O → Monosaccharide + Monosaccharide Lipids Triglyceride + 3 H2O → 1 Glycerol + 3 Fatty Acids Proteins Dipeptide + H2O → 2 Amino Acids

6. SYNTHESIS – BOND FORMS HYDROLYSIS – BOND BREAKS

7. ATP : Energy & The Cell Chapter 6

8. What is energy? Organisms need energy to perform every task
Cells also need energy for active transport & to make molecules

9. Energy for Cells
The energy for cells is stored in the chemical bonds of biomolecules such as carbohydrates and lipids
PRIMARY SOURCE OF ENERGY FOR CELLS is GLUCOSE

10. GLUCOSE
Glucose brings into the cells a large supply of energy stored in its bonds
The energy is transferred from the glucose to where it is needed through the use of ATP
ATP = energy carrier molecule

11. ATP ATP is the energy currency of the cell ATP = Coins
Cell = Vending Machine

12. ATP ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE

13. FUNCTION OF ATP
ATP transfers energy from the breakdown of glucose to cell processes
Functions like a rechargeable battery

14. FUNCTION OF ATP

15. HOW DOES ATP FUNCTION?
ADP + P + Energy ↔ ATP

16. ATP ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE

17. ATP ATP is a universal energy-carrier molecule in all cells
When ATP is converted to ADP and P, energy is released to run the cell’s activities
ADP has to be recharged to make ATP. It takes the P and energy it needs from glucose

18. ANIMATION : HYDROLYSIS OF ATP

19. ANIMATION : SYNTHESIS OF ATP