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Geological and geotechnical studies around Kaswati dam, Kachchh, India: implications on tectonic stability, rock mass property and water retention capacity.

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Presentation on theme: "Geological and geotechnical studies around Kaswati dam, Kachchh, India: implications on tectonic stability, rock mass property and water retention capacity."— Presentation transcript:

1 Geological and geotechnical studies around Kaswati dam, Kachchh, India: implications on tectonic stability, rock mass property and water retention capacity by Niladri Bhattacharjee, and Sarada Prasad Mohanty Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology Volume 51(3): August 1, 2018 © 2018 The Author(s). Published by The Geological Society of London. All rights reserved

2 Structural map of the Kachchh area, showing major faults and epicentres of seismic activity (after Biswas & Khattri 2002). Structural map of the Kachchh area, showing major faults and epicentres of seismic activity (after Biswas & Khattri 2002). Inset: location map of the study area. Niladri Bhattacharjee, and Sarada Prasad Mohanty Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 2018;51: © 2018 The Author(s). Published by The Geological Society of London. All rights reserved

3 Structural map of the area around Kaswati dam, Lodai.
Structural map of the area around Kaswati dam, Lodai. The area north of the Kachchh Mainland Fault (KMF) is referred to as Sector I, and the area south of KMF is identified as Sector II, which is further divided as IIa (west: Habo dome) and IIb (east: Wanthra dome). Niladri Bhattacharjee, and Sarada Prasad Mohanty Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 2018;51: © 2018 The Author(s). Published by The Geological Society of London. All rights reserved

4 Profile section of the Kaswati Dam, showing damage zones developed during the 2001 Mw 7.7 earthquake (modified from EERI 2001). Profile section of the Kaswati Dam, showing damage zones developed during the 2001 Mw 7.7 earthquake (modified from EERI 2001). Niladri Bhattacharjee, and Sarada Prasad Mohanty Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 2018;51: © 2018 The Author(s). Published by The Geological Society of London. All rights reserved

5 Field photographs of (a) bedding 120°/30° NNE, (b) cross-bedding and (c) curved asymmetrical ripple marks. Field photographs of (a) bedding 120°/30° NNE, (b) cross-bedding and (c) curved asymmetrical ripple marks. Niladri Bhattacharjee, and Sarada Prasad Mohanty Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 2018;51: © 2018 The Author(s). Published by The Geological Society of London. All rights reserved

6 Equal-area stereographic projection of bedding planes of the Lodai area.
Equal-area stereographic projection of bedding planes of the Lodai area. (a) Sector I: total data 78; mean principal orientation 138°/14° NE; calculated girdle 181°/80° E; calculated beta axis 10° →091°. (b) Sector IIa (west): total data 59; mean principal orientation 013°/07° ESE; calculated girdle 181°/83° E and calculated beta axis 07° →091°. (c) Sector IIb (east): total data 8; mean principal orientation 122°/19° SSW; calculated girdle 187°/82° E and calculated beta axis 08° →277°. Niladri Bhattacharjee, and Sarada Prasad Mohanty Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 2018;51: © 2018 The Author(s). Published by The Geological Society of London. All rights reserved

7 Field photograph of a fold plunging towards 350°.
Niladri Bhattacharjee, and Sarada Prasad Mohanty Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 2018;51: © 2018 The Author(s). Published by The Geological Society of London. All rights reserved

8 Rose diagram for joint strike directions of the Lodai area.
Rose diagram for joint strike directions of the Lodai area. (a) Sector I: total data 102; sector angle 10°; outer limit 9.8%; mean resultant direction 000°–180°; and c. 95% confidence interval ±90.0°. (b) Sector IIa (west): total data 96; sector angle 10°; outer limit 12.5%; mean resultant direction 135°–315°; and c. 95% confidence interval ±90.0°. (c) Sector IIb (east): total data 23; sector angle 10°; outer limit 21.7%; mean resultant direction 006°–186°; and c. 95% confidence interval ±90.0°. Niladri Bhattacharjee, and Sarada Prasad Mohanty Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 2018;51: © 2018 The Author(s). Published by The Geological Society of London. All rights reserved

9 Field photograph showing joints: (a) cross joints 060°/90° and 325/90° developing columns; (b) three sets, 175°/90°, 090°/90° and 140°/75° NE, developing wedges. Field photograph showing joints: (a) cross joints 060°/90° and 325/90° developing columns; (b) three sets, 175°/90°, 090°/90° and 140°/75° NE, developing wedges. Niladri Bhattacharjee, and Sarada Prasad Mohanty Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 2018;51: © 2018 The Author(s). Published by The Geological Society of London. All rights reserved

10 Stereographic projection of pole of joint planes in and around the Kaswati dam site.
Stereographic projection of pole of joint planes in and around the Kaswati dam site. The faces of upstream and downstream aprons are marked by red and blue colours, respectively. Niladri Bhattacharjee, and Sarada Prasad Mohanty Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 2018;51: © 2018 The Author(s). Published by The Geological Society of London. All rights reserved

11 Niladri Bhattacharjee, and Sarada Prasad Mohanty Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 2018;51: © 2018 The Author(s). Published by The Geological Society of London. All rights reserved

12 Niladri Bhattacharjee, and Sarada Prasad Mohanty Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 2018;51: © 2018 The Author(s). Published by The Geological Society of London. All rights reserved

13 Field photographs of faults: (a) fault scarp of Kachchh Mainland Fault; (b) oblique-slip faults showing both sinistral and dextral offset; (c) multiple offsets (dextral and sinistral) on plan view. Field photographs of faults: (a) fault scarp of Kachchh Mainland Fault; (b) oblique-slip faults showing both sinistral and dextral offset; (c) multiple offsets (dextral and sinistral) on plan view. Niladri Bhattacharjee, and Sarada Prasad Mohanty Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 2018;51: © 2018 The Author(s). Published by The Geological Society of London. All rights reserved

14 The GSI values of different rock masses of the Lodai area (after Hoek & Marinos 2000).
Niladri Bhattacharjee, and Sarada Prasad Mohanty Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 2018;51: © 2018 The Author(s). Published by The Geological Society of London. All rights reserved

15 (a) Graphical representation of both Rock Mass Rating (RMR) and Geological Strength Index (GSI) at different points of observation; (b) correlation between GSI and RMR of rock masses. (a) Graphical representation of both Rock Mass Rating (RMR) and Geological Strength Index (GSI) at different points of observation; (b) correlation between GSI and RMR of rock masses. Niladri Bhattacharjee, and Sarada Prasad Mohanty Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 2018;51: © 2018 The Author(s). Published by The Geological Society of London. All rights reserved

16 Photograph of the Lodai dam in the post monsoon period, January 2013.
Niladri Bhattacharjee, and Sarada Prasad Mohanty Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 2018;51: © 2018 The Author(s). Published by The Geological Society of London. All rights reserved


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