2. CRQ Answers 1. Most railroads were located in the Northeast and Midwest. 2. The railroad created the Eastern, Central, Mountain, and Pacific time zones. 3. The Union and Central Pacific were the first railroads to connect the country 4. The Government gave free land and money to railroad companies.

10. Transcontinental Railroad What? A railroad connecting an entire continent. (Union Pacific-Central Pacific) What? A railroad connecting an entire continent. (Union Pacific-Central Pacific) When? 1863-1869 When? 1863-1869 Where? Connect at Promontory Point, Utah Where? Connect at Promontory Point, Utah How? Built with Government land grants (1 mile track = 20 acres of free land & $20,000 dollars) How? Built with Government land grants (1 mile track = 20 acres of free land & $20,000 dollars)

11. Transcontinental Railroad Good or Bad? Moved goods and communication East to West (telegraph) Moved goods and communication East to West (telegraph) Boomtowns- Cities that grew overnight Boomtowns- Cities that grew overnight Created need for oil, steel, coal, and wood Created need for oil, steel, coal, and wood Creates new states (Utah, Colorado, Nevada) Creates new states (Utah, Colorado, Nevada) Pooling- Setting high prices and splitting profits Pooling- Setting high prices and splitting profits Held more power than the government. Held more power than the government. Led to near extinction of the Buffalo for (skins & sport) Led to near extinction of the Buffalo for (skins & sport)

12. CRQ Answers 1. The subject of the map is Native American Reservations. 2. Reservations were located in Arizona, Montana, and South Dakota 3. A reservation is land set aside for Indians by the government. 4. Reservations were established by the government.

13. FreedmenPlains Indians FreedmenPlains Indians

16. Plains Indians 1. Forced onto Reservations- 1. Forced onto Reservations- Land set aside for Native Americans by the U.S. Government 2. 2. Bureau of Indian Affairs- Gov’t agency that gave money, food, medicine, and education

17. 3. Assimilation- 3. Assimilation- Forced change from one culture to another 4. 4. Dawes Act- Gov’t law that tried to convert Indians to Farmers 5. 5. Carlisle School- Penn. School that tried to make Natives “white” 6. 6. Native rights found in treaties not amendments

19. Assimilation

26. CHIEF JOSEPH

27. I am tired of fighting. Our chiefs are killed. Looking Glass is dead. The old men are all dead. It is cold, and we have no blankets. The little children are freezing to death. My people, some of them, have run away to the hills, and have no blankets, no food. No one knows where they are -- perhaps freezing to death. I want to have time to look for my children, and see how many of them I can find. Maybe I shall find them among the dead. Hear me, my chiefs! I am tired. My heart is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands I will fight no more forever. Chief Joseph 1877

33. People on the Plains 1860-1890 1. Miners 2. Ranchers 3. Homesteaders 4. African Americans

34. Miners Mined gold in Colorado and Nevada Prospectors- People who look for quick riches on Gold and Silver Comstock Load- Huge supply of Gold found in Nevada Vigilantes- Citizens that established laws and rules

35. Ranchers

37. Created a “Cattle Kingdom” on the plains Drove “Mavericks” Roaming cattle on the Plains Lost lands due to settlers and barbed wire RANCHERS

38. Homesteaders Homestead Act- 160 acres of “free” land if you farmed it for 5 years. Built homes made of Sod and Roots (Sodbusters) First females to vote in America (Wyoming)

41. “sooners”

42. African Americans

43. Exodusters- African Americans who moved to Kansas Buffalo Soldiers- African Americans who became ranchers in the West

44. Plains Farmers (late 1800s)

46. ProblemsSolutions ProblemsSolutions 1. Faced high railroad & grain storage rates 2. Too much land to farm (160-250 acres) 3. Crop failure due to winter/drought 1. 1. Asked the government to control rates (failed) 2. 2. Machines: Tractor and Combine (heavy loans) 3. 3. Russian Wheat survived plains weather

47. Steam Tractor1 st Combine

48. More Problems More Solutions 4. Overproduction of crops = low crop prices 5. Little to No voice in government 4. Farmers Alliance- group of farmers who split costs of farming (1870s) 5. Populist Party- “people’s party” political party that represented Farmers and Industry Workers

50. Populist Party Beliefs 1. Farmers and workers should unite 2. The government should control the railroad, telegraph, and telephone industries 3. The government should help workers 4. Taxes should not be high for the workers 5. Land should be owned by Americans

51. William J. Bryan

55. A President… 1. Should be… 2. Should hire… 3. Should help America… 4. Has important roles like…

56. Westward Expansion Vocab. Manifest Destiny Manifest Destiny Transcontinental Railroad Transcontinental Railroad Frontier Frontier Little Big Horn Little Big Horn Dawes Act Dawes Act Reservation Reservation Homestead Act Homestead Act Comstock Load Comstock Load Buffalo Soldiers Buffalo Soldiers Assimilation Assimilation Vigilantes Vigilantes Exodusters Exodusters Sodbusters Sodbusters Prospector Prospector Populist Party Populist Party

57. The West Review A vast open unsettled area of land A vast open unsettled area of land Little Big Horn Little Big Horn Doctor/Teacher/Caretaker Doctor/Teacher/Caretaker Chinese and Irish immigrants Chinese and Irish immigrants The Dawes Act The Dawes Act They were build out of sod They were build out of sod A railroad that expands an entire Continent A railroad that expands an entire Continent

58. It offered the companies money and free land in the West It offered the companies money and free land in the West Reservations Reservations People that claimed lands before other settlers People that claimed lands before other settlers It charged them high rates and took lands It charged them high rates and took lands For skins and sport For skins and sport The Populist or “people’s party” The Populist or “people’s party”

59. For land, gold, new life, escape discrimination, and free lands For land, gold, new life, escape discrimination, and free lands Coal, Lumber, Steel, and Oil Coal, Lumber, Steel, and Oil They formed the farmers alliance and cooperatives to buy goods cheaply They formed the farmers alliance and cooperatives to buy goods cheaply Exodusters Exodusters Union and Central Pacific Union and Central Pacific

60. Offered 160 acres of land to settlers willing to farm it for 5 years Offered 160 acres of land to settlers willing to farm it for 5 years Could not find workers, weather, and machines were expensive Could not find workers, weather, and machines were expensive Promontory Point, Utah Promontory Point, Utah Plains Indians Plains Indians William Jennings Bryan William Jennings Bryan

61. Fort Laramie Fort Laramie They are forced to change their way of life They are forced to change their way of life

62. Definitions Plains the for who people farmed nickname the Plains the for who people farmed nickname the To cattle plains name the roaming given on To cattle plains name the roaming given on Change people their forcing culture to Change people their forcing culture to Silver people quick of seeking riches gold and Silver people quick of seeking riches gold and Assimilate government help to Americans designed Native agency Assimilate government help to Americans designed Native agency Hands own their into law take who people Hands own their into law take who people

63. Population explosive area an with in growth Population explosive area an with in growth Amount a one large gold area of in silver Amount a one large gold area of in silver Prices lower to bulk in buys that people of group a Prices lower to bulk in buys that people of group a Farmers that together Western and Southern joined to lower their costs Farmers that together Western and Southern joined to lower their costs