Chapter 10 Reproductive System.

Chapter 10 Reproductive System

Multimedia Directory Slide 15 Female Reproductive System Animation
Slide 33 Female Reproductive Anatomy Exercise Slide 45 Labor First Stage Video 1 Slide 46 Labor First Stage Video 2 Slide 49 Labor Second Stage Video Slide 52 Labor Third Stage Video 1 Slide 53 Labor Third Stage Video 2 Slide 54 Labor Third Stage Video 3 Slide 55 Infant Delivery Video Slide 81 Breast Cancer Video Slide 84 Preeclampsia Video Slide 92 Apgar Score Video Slide 94 Fetal Heart Rate Video

Multimedia Directory Slide 98 Cesarean Delivery Video
Slide 119 Male Reproductive Anatomy Animation Slide 142 Male Reproductive Anatomy Exercise Slide 150 Erectile Dysfunction Video Slide 162 Vasectomy Video

Female Reproductive System at a Glance
Functions of Female Reproductive System Produces ova Provides location for fertilization Provides location for development of fetus Secretes female sex hormones Produces milk to nourish infant

Female Reproductive System at a Glance
Organs of Female Reproductive System Ovaries Fallopian tubes Uterus Vagina Vulva Breasts

Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Female Combining Forms
amni/o amnion cervic/o neck, cervix chori/o chorion colp/o vagina culd/o cul-de-sac embry/o embryo episi/o vulva fet/o fetus

gynec/o woman, female hymen/o hymen hyster/o uterus lact/o milk mamm/o breast mast/o breast men/o menses, menstruation metr/o uterus

nat/o birth oophor/o ovary ov/o egg ovari/o ovary perine/o perineum salping/o fallopian tubes, uterine tubes uter/o uterus vagin/o vagina vulv/o vulva

Female Suffixes –arche beginning –cyesis state of pregnancy
–gravida pregnancy –para to bear (offspring) –partum childbirth –salpinx fallopian tube –tocia labor, childbirth

Anatomy and Physiology - Function
Ovaries produce ova Fallopian (uterine) tubes are most common site for fertilization to take place Uterus provides location for development of fetus Breasts nourish infant Ovaries produce female sex hormones

Internal Genitalia Internal organs located in pelvic cavity Uterus
Two ovaries Two fallopian (uterine) tubes Vagina

Figure 10.1 – Organs of the female reproductive system.
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Figure 10.1 – Organs of the female reproductive system.

External Genitalia External organs Also called vulva
Labia majora Labia minora Clitoris Region between vagina and anus Perineum

Female Reproductive System Animation
Click here to view an animation of the female reproductive system. Back to Directory

Ovaries Two almond-shaped glands Located on each side of pelvic cavity
Produce and release ova Approximately every 28 days Secretes female sex hormones

Figure 10.2 – Structure of the ovary and fallopian (uterine) tube.
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Figure 10.2 – Structure of the ovary and fallopian (uterine) tube.

Female Sex Hormones Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) Secreted by the anterior pituitary Stimulate maturation of ovum Trigger ovulation Estrogen and progesterone Secreted by ovary Prepare endometrium to receive fertilized ovum Female secondary sexual characteristics

Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Figure 10.3 – An ovum (pink) released by the ovary at ovulation surrounded by follicle (white) tissue. (P.M. Motta and J. Van Blekrom/Science Photo Library/Photo Researchers, Inc.)

Fallopian Tubes Also called uterine tubes or oviducts
Purpose is to transport ovum from ovary to uterus Fertilization typically occurs within upper half of fallopian tubes

Fallopian Tubes 5½ inches long Project from either side of uterus
End with finger-like projections Fimbriae

Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Figure 10.4 – Fallopian (uterine) tube, showing released ovum within the fallopian tube.

Uterus Pear shaped organ in center of pelvic cavity Regions Fundus
Corpus Cervix

Layers of the Uterus Endometrium Myometrium Perimetrium Inner layer
Middle layer Thick muscle Perimetrium Outer layer

Endometrium Inner layer of uterus Contains rich blood supply
Reacts to estrogen and progesterone Thickens to receive ovum Fertilized egg implants here Provides nourishment and protection to embryo

Menstruation Menstrual period Menarche Menopause
When pregnancy does not occur Endometrium is sloughed off Menarche First menstrual period Menopause End of menstrual activity and childbearing

Vagina Thin muscular tube Lined with mucous membrane
Extends from cervix to outside of body Vaginal orifice Allows for passage of menstrual flow

Vagina During intercourse, receives male penis and semen
Serves as birth canal Hymen Thin membranous tissue Partially covers external vaginal opening Bartholin’s glands Secrete mucus for lubrication during intercourse

Vulva Labia majora and minora Clitoris Folds of skin
Protective covering Also protects urinary meatus Clitoris Erectile tissue

Female Reproductive Anatomy Exercise
Click here to review the female reproductive organs in a labeling activity. Back to Directory

Breasts Also called mammary glands Lactiferous glands
Produce milk Lactation Lactiferous ducts Carry milk to nipple Areola is pigmented area around nipple

Pregnancy Gestation Premature Period of pregnancy 40 weeks
Birth before 37 weeks of gestation completed

Pregnancy Embryo Fetus
From implantation into endometrium until eight weeks Major organs and systems are formed Fetus Ninth week until birth Organs mature and begin to function

Fetal Membranes Infant is surrounded by two membranous sacs Amnion
Inner sac Holds amniotic fluid in which fetus floats Chorion Outer sac Protective Forms part of placenta

Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Figure – Photograph illustrating the development of an embryo. (Petit Format/Nestle/Photo Researchers, Inc.)

Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Figure – Photograph illustrating the development of a fetus. (Petit Format/Nestle/Photo Researchers, Inc.)

Placenta Provides nourishment for fetus Spongy blood-filled organ
Forms in uterus next to fetus Commonly called afterbirth Fetus attached to placenta by umbilical cord

Figure 10.9 – A full-term pregnancy.
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Figure 10.9 – A full-term pregnancy.

Stages of Labor and Delivery
Dilation stage First stage Strong uterine muscle contractions pushes fetus against cervix Effacement Thinning of the cervix Dilation Expands to 10 cm

Figure 10.12A – Dilation stage of labor and delivery.
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Figure 10.12A – Dilation stage of labor and delivery.

Click here to view a video on the first stage of labor and transition.
Labor First Stage Video 1 Click here to view a video on the first stage of labor and transition. Back to Directory

Click here to view a video on the first stage of labor and transition.
Labor First Stage Video 2 Click here to view a video on the first stage of labor and transition. Back to Directory

Expulsion stage Second stage Begins with full dilation of cervix Ends with birth of baby Crowning When head appears

Figure 10.12B – Expulsion stage of labor and delivery.
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Figure 10.12B – Expulsion stage of labor and delivery.

Placental stage Third stage Uterus continues to contract Placenta is delivered

Figure 10.12C – Placental stage of labor and delivery.
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Figure 10.12C – Placental stage of labor and delivery.

Click here to view a video on the delivery of an infant.
Infant Delivery Video Click here to view a video on the delivery of an infant. Back to Directory

Breech Birth Normally crown of head appears first in birth canal
Any other body part appearing first is breech presentation Buttocks first is most common

Word Building with amni/o & cervic/o
–otomy amniotomy incision into amnion –tic amniotic pertaining to amnion –rrhea amniorrhea flow from amnion –ectomy cervicectomy surgical removal of cervix –al cervical pertaining to cervix endo– –itis endocervicitis inflammation inside cervix

Word Building with chori/o, colp/o, embry/o, and episi/o
–nic chorionic pertaining to chorion –scope colposcope instrument to view inside vagina –nic embryonic pertaining to embryo –rrhaphy episiorrhaphy suture of vulva

Word Building with fet/o, gynec/o, and hymen/o
–al fetal pertaining to fetus –ologist gynecologist female specialist –ectomy hymenectomy surgical removal of hymen

Word Building with hyster/o, lact/o, and lapar/o
–pexy hysteropexy surgical fixation of uterus –rrhexis hysterorrhexis rupture of uterus –ic lactic pertaining to milk –rrhea lactorrhea milk discharge –otomy laparotomy incision into abdomen –scope laparoscope instrument to view inside abdomen

Word Building with mamm/o & mast/o
–gram mammogram X-ray record of breast –ary mammary pertaining to breast –plasty mammoplasty surgical repair of breast –algia mastalgia breast pain –itis mastitis inflammation of breast –ectomy mastectomy removal of breast

Word Building with men/o
a– –rrhea amenorrhea lack of menstrual flow dys– –rrhea dysmenorrhea painful menstrual flow oligo– –rrhea oligomenorrhea scanty menstrual flow –rrhagia menorrhagia rapid menstrual flow

Word Building with metr/o & nat/o
endo– –itis endometritis inflammation within uterus peri– –itis perimetritis inflammation around uterus –rrhea metrorrhea flow from uterus –rrhagia metrorrhagia rapid flow from uterus neo– neonate newborn –ologist neonatologist specialist in newborn

Word Building with oophor/o, ovari/o, and salping/o
–itis oophoritis inflammation of ovary –an ovarian pertaining to ovary –cyesis salpingocyesis fallopian tube pregnancy –ectomy salpingectomy removal of fallopian tube –itis salpingitis inflammation of fallopian tube

Word Building with uter/o and vagin/o
–ine uterine pertaining to uterus –al vaginal pertaining to vagina –itis vaginitis inflammation of vagina

Word Building with –cyesis & –gravida
pseudo– pseudocyesis false pregnancy nulli– nulligravida no pregnancies primi– primigravida first pregnancy multi– multigravida multiple pregnancies

Word Building with –para & –partum
nulli– nullipara no births primi– primipara first birth multi– multipara multiple births ante– antepartum before birth post– postpartum after birth

Word Building with –salpinx & –tocia
hemato– hematosalpinx blood in fallopian tube pyo– pyosalpinx pus in fallopian tube dys– dystocia difficult labor and childbirth

Female Reproductive System Vocabulary
atresia congenital lack of normal body opening barrier contraception prevents sperm from meeting ovum; condom, diaphragms colostrum thin fluid secreted by breast after delivery before actual milk appears fraternal twins develop from two different ova fertilized by two different sperm gynecology (GYN) diagnosis and treatment of diseases of female reproductive system

hormonal contraception using hormones to block ovulation; no ovum to fertilize; pills, patch, implant identical twins develop from the splitting of a single fertilized ovum infertility unable to produce children; no pregnancy after properly timed intercourse for one year intrauterine device (IUD) device inserted into uterus to prevent pregnancy from establishing meconium first bowel movement of newborn

Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Figure – Shape of two different intrauterine devices (IUDs). (Jules Selmes and Debi Treloar/Dorling Kindersley Media Library)

neonatology diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the newborn obstetrics (OB) diagnosis and treatment of women during pregnancy and childbirth premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms appear just prior to menstrual period; irritability, headache, tender breasts, and anxiety puberty beginning of menstruation and reproductive years

Ovary Pathology ovarian carcinoma malignant tumor of the ovaries
ovarian cyst cysts developing in the ovaries; may rupture causing pain and bleeding

Uterus Pathology cervical cancer malignant tumor of the cervix
endometrial cancer malignant tumor of the lining of the uterus fibroid tumor benign fibrous tumor in the uterus menometrorrhagia excessive bleeding during menstrual period or between menstrual periods prolapsed uterus fallen uterus; may cause cervix to protrude through vaginal opening

Figure 10.15 – Common sites for the development of fibroid tumors.
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Figure – Common sites for the development of fibroid tumors.

Vagina Pathology yeast infection of mucous membrane lining of vagina
candidiasis yeast infection of mucous membrane lining of vagina cystocele bladder presses backwards on vaginal wall rectocele rectum presses forward on vaginal wall toxic shock syndrome (TSS) staphylococcus infection occurring in menstruating women; associated with prolonged wearing of super-absorbent tampon

Pelvic Cavity Pathology
endometriosis occurs when endometrial tissue flows backwards from uterus through fallopian tubes and into pelvic cavity pelvic inflammatory disease bacterial infection that has spread through female reproductive tract and out into pelvic cavity

Breast Pathology breast cancer malignant tumor of the breast tissue
fibrocystic breast disease appearance of fibrous tumors in breast tissue; no association with cancer

Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Figure – Comparison of breast cancer (A) and fibrocystic disease (B).

Click here to view a video on breast cancer.
Breast Cancer Video Click here to view a video on breast cancer. Back to Directory

Pregnancy Pathology abruptio placentae
placenta tears away from uterine wall prior to delivery of baby eclampsia convulsions and coma occurring in woman in late stages of pregnancy hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) occurs when mother is Rh– and baby is Rh+; mother’s antibodies cross the placenta and attack baby’s blood; older name is erythroblastosis fetalis

Pregnancy Pathology placenta previa placenta forms low in the uterus overlying the opening to the cervix preeclampsia metabolic disease of pregnancy; may result in true eclampsia; symptoms include hypertension, headaches, and edema; also called toxemia

Click here to view a video on preeclampsia.
Preeclampsia Video Click here to view a video on preeclampsia. Back to Directory

Figure 10.17 – Placenta previa.
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Figure – Placenta previa.

Pregnancy Pathology prolapsed umbilical cord if umbilical cord emerges from birth canal before baby does, it will become pinched between baby’s head & vaginal wall, cutting off blood flow to baby spontaneous abortion unplanned loss of pregnancy early in gestation; commonly called a miscarriage stillbirth death of a fetus of viable age; occurs shortly before or at time of delivery

Clinical Laboratory Tests
PAP smear scraping of cervical cells is examined for early signs of cervical cancer pregnancy test chemical test to determine a pregnancy during first few weeks

Diagnostic Imaging hysterosalpingography (HSG) X-ray of uterus and fallopian tubes after injecting dye in through cervix mammography X-ray of breast for detection of breast cancer pelvic ultrasonography use of ultrasound waves to produce image of pelvic organs or a fetus within the uterus

Endoscopic Procedures
colposcopy examination of the vagina using a colposcope culdoscopy examination of pelvic cavity behind the uterus using a culdoscope introduced through an incision in the vaginal wall laparoscopy examination of the pelvic cavity and organs using a laparoscope introduced through an incision just below the navel

Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Figure – A laparoscopic examination; uterus is visible below probe, ovary is at tip of probe, and fallopian tube along left side. (Southern Illinois University/Photo Researchers, Inc.)

Obstetrical Diagnostic Procedures
amniocentesis removal of amniotic fluid using a needle; fluid can be used to determine fetal maturity and developmental and genetic disorders Apgar score evaluates newborn’s adjustment to outside environment; observes color, heart rate, respiratory rate, muscle tone, and response to stimulus

Click here to view a video on determining a newborn's Apgar score.
Apgar Score Video Click here to view a video on determining a newborn's Apgar score. Back to Directory

Obstetrical Diagnostic Procedures
chorionic villus sampling (CVS) removal of a small piece of chorion for genetic analysis fetal monitoring electronic equipment on mother’s abdomen or fetus’s scalp to check heart rate during labor and delivery

Click here to view a video on measuring fetal heart rate.
Fetal Heart Rate Video Click here to view a video on measuring fetal heart rate. Back to Directory

Additional Diagnostic Procedures
cervical biopsy removing a piece of cervical tissue to examine for cancer endometrial biopsy (EMB) removing a sample of endometrial tissue to examine for cancer pelvic examination physical exam of vagina and adjacent organs; a speculum is used to open the vagina

Surgical Treatments cesarean section (CS, C-section)
surgical delivery of baby through abdominal incision conization removal of a core of cervical tissue dilation & curettage (D&C) dilation of cervix and scraping away of endometrial lining episiotomy incision of perineum to widen birth canal during delivery

Cesarean Delivery Video
Click here to view a video on a cesarean delivery. Back to Directory

Surgical Treatments lumpectomy
removal of breast lump and tissue immediately surrounding it simple mastectomy removal of breast tissue radical mastectomy removal of breast tissue plus chest muscles and axillary lymph nodes

Surgical Treatments elective abortion
legal termination of an early pregnancy therapeutic abortion termination of a pregnancy for the health of the mother

Surgical Treatments total abdominal hysterectomy-bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (TAH-BSO) removal of the entire uterus, cervix, both fallopian tubes, and both ovaries through an abdominal incision vaginal hysterectomy removal of the uterus through vagina rather than an abdominal incision tubal ligation surgical tying off of fallopian tubes to prevent conception

Female Reproductive System Pharmacology
abortifacient terminates a pregnancy Mifeprex, Prostin E2 fertility drug triggers ovulation Clomid, Gonal-F hormone replacement therapy (HRT) replacement estrogen after menopause or loss of ovaries Cenestin, Premarin

Female Reproductive System Pharmacology
oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) prevents conception by blocking ovulation Ortho-Cept, Lo/Ovral oxytocin improves uterine contractions during labor and delivery Pitocin, Syntocinon

Female Reproductive System Abbreviations
abortion AI artificial insemination BSE breast self-examination CS, C-section cesarean section CVS chorionic villus sampling Cx cervix D&C dilation and curettage

EDC estimated date of confinement EMB endometrial biopsy ERT estrogen replacement therapy FEKG fetal electrocardiogram FHR fetal heart rate FHT fetal heart tone FSH follicle stimulating hormone

FTND full term normal delivery GI, grav I first pregnancy GYN, gyn gynecology HCG, hCG human chorionic gonadotropin HDN hemolytic disease of the newborn HPV human papilloma virus HRT hormone replacement therapy HSG hysterosalpingography

IUD intrauterine device IVF in vitro fertilization LBW low birth weight LH luteinizing hormone LMP last menstrual period NB newborn OB obstetrics OCPs oral contraceptive pills

PAP Papanicolaou test PI, para I first birth PID pelvic inflammatory disease PMS premenstrual syndrome TAH-BSO total abdominal hysterectomy-bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy TSS toxic shock syndrome UC uterine contraction

Male Reproductive System at a Glance
Functions of Male Reproductive System Produces sperm Delivers sperm to female reproductive tract Secretes male sex hormones

Male Reproductive System at a Glance
Organs of Male Reproductive System Testes Epididymis Vas deferens Seminal vesicle Prostate gland Bulbourethral gland Penis

Male Combining Forms andr/o male balan/o glans penis crypt/o hidden
epididym/o epididymis orch/o testes orchi/o testes orchid/o testes

Male Combining Forms prostat/o prostate spermat/o sperm
testicul/o testes varic/o varicose veins vas/o vas deferens vesicul/o seminal vesicle

Male Suffixes –spermia condition of sperm

Anatomy and Physiology - Function
Testes produce sperm Vas deferens and epididymis transport semen Reproductive glands add vital fluids to sperm Produces semen Penis delivers semen to vagina Testes produce male sex hormones Testosterone

External Genitalia Located outside the body Penis Two testes
Two epididymides (plural for epididymis)

Internal Genitalia Located in pelvic cavity
Two vas deferentia (plural for vas deferens) Two seminal vesicles Prostate gland Two bulbourethral glands

Figure 10.20 – The male reproductive system.
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Figure – The male reproductive system.

Male Reproductive Anatomy Animation
Click here to view an animation of male reproductive anatomy. Back to Directory

Testes Singular is testis; also called testicles
Oval-shaped organs in scrotum Produce sperm

Testes Secrete testosterone Necessary for proper development of sperm
Stimulates growth and development of male reproductive organs Produces male secondary sexual characteristics

Spermatogenesis Process that produces sperm
Occurs within seminiferous tubules of testes The testes must be maintained at proper temperature for sperm to survive This lower temperature level is achieved by suspending testes in scrotum outside body Scrotum is sac that contains testes, epididymides, and beginning of vas deferentia

Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Figure – Electronmicrograph of human sperm. (Juergen Berger, Max-Planck Institute/Science Photo Library/Photo Researchers, Inc.)

Epididymis Coiled tube-shaped organ
Lies on top of testes within scrotum Location for sperm maturation and storage Releases sperm into vas deferens

Penis Shaft of penis Glans penis Contains urethra Tip of the penis
Protected by prepuce

Penis Contains erectile tissue
Increased blood flow during sexual stimulation results in erection Allows it to be placed within vagina Ejaculation of semen

Urethra Male urethra extends from urinary bladder to the external opening at tip of penis Urinary meatus Serves a dual function: Elimination of urine Ejaculation of semen During ejaculation, sphincter closes to keep urine from escaping Sometimes referred to as Genitourinary System

Vas Deferens Carries sperm from epididymis up into pelvic cavity
Travels up in front of urinary bladder, over top, and then back down posterior side of the bladder Empties into urethra

Spermatic Cord Cord-like structure between pelvic cavity and scrotum
Consists of: Two vas deferentia Nerves Arteries Veins Lymphatic vessels

Seminal Vesicles Two glands At base of urinary bladder
Connected to vas deferens just before it empties into urethra

Seminal Vesicles Secrete a fluid that nourishes sperm
Rich in glucose This fluid, along with sperm, constitutes semen Fluid ejaculated during sexual intercourse

Prostate Gland Single gland located just below urinary bladder
Surrounds urethra Vas deferens empties into urethra within prostate

Prostate Gland Secretes alkaline fluid
Neutralizes pH of urethra and vagina Critical for sperm survival Enlargement of prostate puts pressure on both urethra and vas deferens Causes problems with both urination and ejaculation

Bulbourethral Gland Also known as Cowper’s glands Two small glands
Either side of urethra Just below prostate Secrete mucus-like lubricating fluid

Male Reproductive Anatomy Exercise
Click here to review male reproductive organs in a labeling activity. Back to Directory

Word Building with andr/o & balan/o
–gen androgen male producing –pathy andropathy male disease –itis balanitis inflammation of glans penis –plasty balanoplasty surgical repair of glans penis –rrhea balanorrhea discharge from glans penis

Word Building with epididym/o & orch/o
–ectomy epididymectomy removal of epididymis –al epididymal pertaining to epididymis –itis epididymitis inflammation of epididymis an– –ism anorchism condition of no testes

Word Building with orchi/o & orchid/o
–ectomy orchiectomy removal of testes –otomy orchiotomy incision into testes –plasty orchioplasty surgical repair of testes –ectomy orchidectomy removal of testes –pexy orchidopexy surgical fixation of testes

Word Building with prostat/o & spermat/o
–itis prostatitis inflammation of prostate –ectomy prostatectomy removal of prostate –ic prostatic pertaining to prostate –ic spermatic pertaining to sperm –lysis spermatolysis destruction of sperm

Word Building with testicul/o & vesicul/o
–ar testicular pertaining to testes –ar vesicular pertaining to seminal vesicles

Word Building with –spermia
aspermia condition of no sperm oligo– oligospermia condition of scanty sperm

Male Reproductive System Vocabulary
erectile dysfunction (ED) inability to engage in sexual intercourse due to inability to maintain an erection; also called impotence sterility inability to father children due to a problem with spermatogenesis

Erectile Dysfunction Video
Click here to view a video on erectile dysfunction. Back to Directory

Testes Pathology cryptorchidism
failure of testes to descend into scrotum before birth hydrocele accumulation of fluid around testes or along spermatic cord testicular carcinoma malignant tumor of testes testicular torsion twisting of spermatic cord varicocele varicose veins of the spermatic cord

Prostate Gland Pathology
benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) noncancerous enlargement of prostate gland; common in older men prostate cancer malignant tumor of prostate gland

Penis Pathology epispadias congenital opening of urethra on dorsal surface of penis hypospadias congenital opening of urethra on underside of penis phimosis narrowing of prepuce; constricts glans penis priapism persistent and painful erection; caused by pathology, not sexual stimulation

Sexually Transmitted Disease
chancroid highly infections non-syphilitic venereal ulcer chlamydia bacterial genital infection in males & females genital herpes viral infection that appears like blisters genital warts warts on the genitalia of both males & females; caused by a virus gonorrhea (GC) bacterial infection of mucous membranes of males & females

Sexually Transmitted Disease
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) sexually transmitted virus that attacks immune system sexually transmitted disease (STD) disease usually acquired as a result of sexual intercourse; formerly called venereal disease (VD) syphilis chronic bacterial infection; attacks multiple organs including brain trichomoniasis genitourinary infection caused by a protist in both males and females

Clinical Laboratory Tests
prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test to screen for prostate cancer semen analysis part of fertility workup; analyzed for number, swimming strength, and shape

Additional Diagnostic Tests
digital rectal exam (DRE) manual examination for enlarged prostate

Surgical Procedures castration removal of testes circumcision
removal of prepuce orchidopexy surgical fixation to pin undescended testes in scrotum sterilization process of rendering a male or female unable to conceive children

Surgical Procedures transurethral resection of prostate (TUR, TURP)
removal of prostate tissue by inserting device through urethra vasectomy removal of a segment of vas deferens to prevent sperm from ejaculating vasovasostomy reconnects ends of vas deferens to reverse a vasectomy

Click here to view a video on vasectomy.
Vasectomy Video Click here to view a video on vasectomy. Back to Directory

Male Reproductive System Pharmacology
androgen therapy replacement of male hormones Andronate, DepAndro antiprostatic agents shrinks benign prostatic hypertrophy Proscar, Avodart erectile dysfunction agents temporarily produces erection Viagra, Cialis spermatocide destroys sperm Semicid, Ortho-Gynol

Male Reproductive System Abbreviations
BPH benign prostatic hypertrophy DRE digital rectal exam ED erectile dysfunction GC gonorrhea GU genitourinary PSA prostate-specific antigen

Male Reproductive System Abbreviations
RPR rapid plasma reagin (test for syphilis) SPP suprapubic prostatectomy STD sexually transmitted disease TUR transurethral resection TURP transurethral resection of prostate VD venereal disease

Chapter 10 Reproductive System.

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