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five themes of geography
AP Human Geography Unit 1
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What is Human Geography
Human geography deals with the world as it is and with the world as it might be made to be. Its emphasis is on people: where they are, what they are like, how they interact over space, and what kinds of landscapes of human use they erect on the natural landscapes they occupy.
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The Five Themes of Geography: Purpose
The five themes of geography help us in answering the “where”, “how” and “why” dealing with occurrences that take place in our world. By using these themes as a basis for understanding geographic information, we can gain a better appreciation of cultural and environmental changes around the world.
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Location (Theme 1) 1) Location . position on the earth’s surface.
Ways to indicate location: Maps Absolute Location-Latitude and Longitude (Parallels and Meridians), determine exact location. Ex. Atlanta, GA-33°N, 84°W Observe Map Relative Location-location of a place relative to other places (situational) Why use relative location? Unfamiliar place, centrality
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Absolute Location (Latitude and Longitude)
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Human-Environment Interaction (Theme 2)
2. Human-Environment Interaction . relations between cultures and environment (cultural ecology). A) Cultural Landscape-human-induced changes that involve the surface and biosphere-Carl Sauer B) Environmental Determinism-physical environment causes certain human behaviors (UT Football Game) C) Possibilism-natural environment limits the range of choices available to a culture (Limited Food Diet of Inuits)
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Environmental Determinism
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Possibilism
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Regions (Theme 3) 3. Regions . areas of unique characteristics, ways of organizing people. Types of Regions Formal-distinctive characteristics that can be proven (uniform, homogeneous) Ex. Wheat Belt, Republican state-GA Functional-product of interactions, organized around a node or core Ex. Newspapers, radio stations, “The Perimeter” Perceptual-vernacular (exists only in the mind) Ex. Dixie South
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Place (Theme 4) 4. Place . associations of phenomena in an area. (What makes an area unique) Culture-people’s lifestyles, values, beliefs and traits What people care about: language, religion, ethnicity What people take care of: daily necessities, leisure activities Components of Culture: Culture Region-the area in which a particular cultural system prevails Ex. Building styles, farms Culture Trait-a single attribute of culture Ex. Food, clothing Culture Complex-a discrete combination of traits Ex. Nationalism/Patriotism Culture System-a grouping of certain complexes, usually based on ethnicity, language, religion Ex. Spanish-speaking, Catholic Mexicans Culture Realm-an assemblage of culture (highly generalized/ster) Ex. Sub-Saharan Africa (assuming that all of Africa south of the Sahara is virtually the same)
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Place (Theme 4 continued)
Physical Processes-environmental processes, which explain the distribution of human activities Climate-long-term average weather condition Koppen’s Five Main Climate Regions Tropical Dry Warm Mid-Latitude Cold Mid-Latitude Polar Vegetation-plant life Biomes-plant communities (4-forest, savanna, grassland, desert) Soil-(12,000 soil types in the U.S. alone) Landforms-earth’s surface features
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Movement (Theme 5) 5. Movement . interconnection between areas.
Culture Hearths-source of idea, innovation or ideology Cultural Diffusion-spread of idea, innovation or ideology from hearth to another culture Types of Diffusion Expansion Diffusion-idea, innovation or ideology develops in a source area and remains strong there while also spreading outward Ex. computers, television, cell phones, religion Relocation Diffusion (Transculturation)-spread of idea, innovation or ideology through physical movement of individuals Ex. Italian immigrants to NYC taught Irish-Americans how to make pizza hunter#review
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