1. Chemical Changes

2. Physical Change When matter changes size, shape, or phase
Particles are not taken out or added into the substance
The position of the particles can change
Making a bat out of wood

3. Physical properties
Properties that you can observe just by looking and touching
Can you think of any examples?
Color
Texture
Toughness

4. What is a chemical change
A change in a substance that you can’t get it back to the original state once it has been changed
Driving in a car and using gasoline for fuel is a chemical change
Rust

5. Chemical Properties:
Properties that can be observed only when substances interact with each other
Chemicals mix and they pop or release heat
What happens when you heat up a can that has flammable gas in it?

7. Chemical Reaction
The reaction between two different atoms that creates chemical bonds
A chemical bond is formed from sharing electrons

8. Reactants and products
The substance that disappears after the chemical change
Products
The substance that appears after the chemical change

9. Reactants and products picture

10. Reactions requires energy
This energy is called activation energy
For a reaction to take place a reaction must get a certain amount of energy to take place
If the energy doesn’t reach this point the reaction does not take place

11. Reactions sometimes need help
Help comes from catalysts
These are chemicals that lowers the energy rate so a reaction can occur
It allows the reaction to proceed more quickly or at a lower temperature
You can look at it like building a railroad tunnel instead of going over a mountain

13. Two types of chemical bonds
Covalent bond
A bond where the electrons are equally shared
Ionic bond
A bond where one atom gains the electrons that are being traded in the chemical bond
This changes the atom’s charge

14. Ionic Bonding

15. Ionic Bond causes two products
Cation
The atom that loses the electron
The charge of that atom becomes positive
“Plussy Cat”
Anion
The atom that gains the electron
The charge of that atom becomes negative
“Negative Annie”

16. Types of chemical reactions
Decomposition Reaction
Spontaneous Reaction
Substitution Reaction
Synthesis Reaction
Endothermic Reaction
Exothermic Reaction

17. Decomposition Reaction
This is a reaction that breaks down the compounds into it’s simple form
For example
H20  H2 + O
In this cartoon the egg (the reactant), which contained the turtle at one time, now has opened and the turtle (product) and egg shell (product) are now two separate substances

18. A synthesis reaction
Two or more simple substances combine to form a more complex substance
In other words, two or more reactants yielding one product
For example
The skinny bird (reactant) and the worm (reactant) combine to make one product, a fat bird.

19. Spontaneous Reaction
A reaction that occurs without being driven by some outside force.
They may occur quickly or slowly
For example
Carbon turning into diamonds
Combustion of hydrogen

20. Substitution reaction
When one atom is switched or replaced by another atom in a reaction
For example
CH3Cl + -OH  CH3OH + Cl-

21. A chemical reaction requires the transfer of energy
There are two types of reactions when looking at the transfer of energy
Exothermic
Endothermic

22. A reaction can be either exothermic or endothermic
Exothermic reaction
Gives off energy in forms of heat or light
Endothermic reaction
Needs energy for the reaction to take place or requires heat
This reaction feels cold

23. Activity Series This is a list based on how reactive a metal might be
Lithium
Li --> Li+ + e-
Potassium
K --> K+ + e-
Barium
Ba --> Ba e-
Calcium
Ca --> Ca e-
Sodium
Na --> Na+ + e-
Magnesium
Mg --> Mg e-
Aluminum
Al --> Al e-
Manganese
Mn --> Mn e-
Zinc
Zn --> Zn e-
Chromium
Cr --> Cr e-
Iron
Fe --> Fe e-
Cobalt
Co --> Co e-
Nickel
Ni --> Ni e-
Tin
Sn --> Sn e-
Lead
Pb --> Pb e-
Hydrogen
H2 --> 2 H+ + 2 e-
Copper
Cu --> Cu e-
Silver
Ag --> Ag+ + e-
Mercury
Hg --> Hg e-
Platinum
Pt --> Pt e-
Gold
Au --> Au e
Activity Series
This is a list based on how reactive a metal might be
On this list the most reactive metals are on the top needing only one electron

24. A metal that is not likely to react is called a stable metal
These metals are usually found in the middle of the periodic table
The non-stable metals are found on the edges of the periodic table
Like Alkali Metals
Activity Series will help determine if a metal is more likely to react than another