1. Metals & Non-Metals
Ms. Everett

2. Elements that are good conductors of heat and electric current.
This is the majority of the elements on the periodic table.
Definition of Metal

3. 1. Malleable: material that can be hammered or rolled into flat sheets or other shapes.
 what are some common ones?
2. Ductile: material that can be pulled out, or drawn, into a long wire.
 common ones?
3. Conductive: ability to transfer heat and electric current.
Physical properties

4. Some metals are also magnetic: ability to attract and repel forces.
All metals are solids at room temperature, except mercury (which is a liquid).
Physical properties

5. 1. Reactivity: how easily or quickly a substance reacts with other substances.
Most reactive metals found on the left side of the periodic table, and less reactive going left to right.
Chemical properties

6. 2. Corrosion: The gradual wearing away of a metal due to a chemical reaction.
Example: Iron is somewhat reactive  iron oxide is rust. (Iron plus oxygen)
Chemical properties

7. From Li down to Fr.
Lose one electron to react.
Not found alone in nature because too reactive.
Shiny and soft
Na--> seawater, salt beds, food
K--> food and electric current in body
Group 1: alkali metals

8. Group 2: Alkaline-earth metals
Beryllium down to Radium.
Gray-White, hard, and good conductors
Lose 2 electrons to react.
Less reactive than group 1, but more reactive than other metals.
Mg mixed with Al for airplanes, ladders, and wheel rims
Ca bones, muscles, teeth
Group 2: Alkaline-earth metals

9. Transition Metals Groups 3 through 12.
Familiar metals (copper, iron, nickel, gold)
Hard, shiny, good conductors, colorful compounds formed
Less reactive than groups 1 and 2
Ex: gold used in jewelry because won’t rust/react
Still, most never found uncombined (must be extracted)
Cadmium red paint, Cobalt blue paint. Chromium green paint
Transition Metals

10. Only some of the elements here are metals.
Never uncombined (must be extracted)
Most familiar: Al, Tin, Lead
Sn coats steel to prevent corrosion
Al cans, rocketships
Pb auto batteries and weights for balancing tires
Groups 13-15

11. First row (on top) under the periodic table.
Mixed with common metals to make alloys
Some rare ones are used to make very strong magnets.
Lanthanides

12. Actinides Second row (bottom row) under periodic table.
Only Ac, Th, U and Pa occur naturally on Earth
Uranium used for nuclear power.
Very unstable break apart easily
(may only last a fraction of a second after made)
Actinides

13. Synthetic elements Elements with more than 92 protons.
Made in a lab by forcing nuclear particles to crash into one another.
Particle Accelerators: move atomic nuclei faster and faster until they’re reached very high speeds to make heavier elements.
More difficult the larger the elements become.
Synthetic elements

14. Particle accelerator

15. Non-metals and Semimetals

16. Nonmetals An element that lacks most of the properties of a metal.
Poor conductors of heat and electricity
Dull and brittle
Nonmetals

17. Gases at room temperature: oxygen, nitrogen, fluorine, chlorine, hydrogen, noble gases
Solids at room temperature: carbon, iodine, sulfur, phosphorus, selenium
Liquid at room temperature: bromine
Physical properties

18. Non-metal + Metal  lose an electron to form a bond.
Ex: NaCl
Non-metal + non-metal  share electrons to form a bond.
Ex: H2O
80% of Earth’s atmosphere is nitrogen gas, N2
Chemical properties

19. Fun facts
O2  oxygen gas, what you breathe
O3  ozone collects in upper atmosphere to shield from radiation from the sun, but highly reactive at ground level
Sulfur  rotten egg smell, rubber bands, tires, sulfuric acid

20. Halogens Group 17 elements. “halogen” means salt-forming
VERY REACTIVE (pure are dangerous to humans)
Ex: fluorine gas, or chlorine gas
When make compounds, they are useful!
C+ F  non-stick pans
F compounds fluoride in toothpaste
Ca + Cl  salt for roads when they’re icy
Ag + Br  film
Na + Cl  table salt
Halogens

21. Noble gases Group 18 Do not form bonds not reactive
Some will kind of form bonds (very rare and done in a lab)
Ne Lights
Xenon headlights on cars
Helium in balloons
All in Earth’s atmosphere all the time
Noble gases

22. Hydrogen
Makes up more than 90% of the atoms in the universe, but only 1% of the mass of Earth’s crust, oceans, and atmosphere.
Rarely pure (usually in a compound like H2O)
Not like other elements so it’s alone on the table.

23. Semimetals Some properties of metals and some properties of non-metals
Also called “metalloids”
Most common: Silicon (silicon oxide is glass)
Temperature and light affect how well these conduct electricity which are good for us!
Computer chips, transistors, lasers
Ex: Ge, Arsenic, Si

24. All finished!
Fill out the review questions and turn into your class period’s tray.