1. The Advent of Early Cinema
Fantascope, Kinematic Scope, and Thomas Edison

2. Film’s Beginnings
Cinematography is the illusion of movement by the recording and subsequent rapid projection of many still photographic pictures on a screen.

3. Precursors to Cinema
Many inventors, scientists, manufacturers have observed the visual phenomenon that a series of individual still pictures set into motion created the illusion of movement - a concept termed persistence of vision.
A number of technologies, simple optical toys and mechanical inventions related to motion and vision were developed in the early to late 19th century that were precursors to the birth of the motion picture industry.

4. Precursors to Cinema Vaudville shows and the magic lantern
- “Phantasmagoria” in vaudeville shows and Victorian playhouses
- used to scare people, as it was something they had never seen before

5. Precursors to Cinema Fantascope or “Phenakistiscope”
-Belgian Inventor, Joseph Plateau
Other “scopes”
-Zoetrope: rotating cylinder with images inside, giving illusion of motion (wheel of life) – William Horner
-Phasmatrope, Praxinoscope

6. Marey and Chronophotography
True motion pictures, rather than eye-fooling 'animations', could only occur after the development of film (flexible and transparent celluloid) that could record split-second pictures.
Some of the first experiments in this regard were conducted by Parisian innovator and physiologist Etienne-Jules Marey in the 1880s.
In 1882, Marey, often claimed to be the 'inventor of cinema, he constructed a camera (or "photographic gun") that could take multiple (12) photographs per second of moving animals or humans - It coined the term chronophotography or serial photography.

7. Chronophotography

8. Birth of Cinema Eadward Muybridge
-British Inventor in the late 19th century, develops his own Zoopraxiscope, or “the wheel of life”
- It was “a primitive motion-picture projector machine that also recreated the illusion of movement (or animation) by projecting images - rapidly displayed in succession - onto a screen from photos printed on a rotating glass disc.” (Dirks, filmsite.org) – Widely considered the first movie projector.”

9. Birth of Cinema Thomas Edison and William K.L. Dickson
-In 1892, Thomas Edison and his British partner, Dickson, develop the Kinetograph, which captures actual motion pictures for the first time.
-These were no longer illusions, but actual motion pictures
-The Kinetograph became the basis for the more popular hand cranked camera, which came along shortly after
First public demonstration of a motion picture - “Dickson Greeting” (1892)
Second Clip: “Corbett and Courtney” (1894)

10. Birth of Cinema
Early cinema was concerned about just showing MOTION PICTURES
-The earliest filmmakers wanted to show that they could make pictures move, as that was amazing to audiences already.
“Cats Boxing” (1894) “Falling Cat” (1890) “Eugen Sandow” (1903)