Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Illustration of the causal inference scheme.

Published byKarel Vacek Modified over 5 years ago

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "Illustration of the causal inference scheme."— Presentation transcript:

1 Illustration of the causal inference scheme.
Illustration of the causal inference scheme. (A) Index date is the first prescription of diabetes second-line drug after use of metformin. (B) Potential censoring events include switching to another second-line drug, missing glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) or body mass index (BMI) measurement, or undergoing bariatric surgery. (C) Outcomes (HbA1c and BMI) are checked after 6 and 12 months from index date. (D) Follow-up ends after 15 months. Assaf Gottlieb et al. BMJ Open Diab Res Care 2017;5:e000435 ©2017 by American Diabetes Association

Download ppt "Illustration of the causal inference scheme."

Similar presentations

Key clinical efficacy outcomes for (A) hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), (B) weight change. Key clinical efficacy outcomes for (A) hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), (B) weight.

Key clinical efficacy outcomes for (A) hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), (B) weight change. Key clinical efficacy outcomes for (A) hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), (B) weight.
Differences in the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels.

Differences in the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels.
Predicted and observed HbA1c levels using doubly robust estimation adjusting for either a comprehensive set of confounders (left panel) or a set of confounders.

Predicted and observed HbA1c levels using doubly robust estimation adjusting for either a comprehensive set of confounders (left panel) or a set of confounders.
Frequency of potential risk of hypoglycemia for each estimate method, defined as a percentage difference between the estimate and final basal rate. Frequency.

Frequency of potential risk of hypoglycemia for each estimate method, defined as a percentage difference between the estimate and final basal rate. Frequency.
The excess effect of 3 or 6 months low to moderate carbohydrate diet compared with high-carbohydrate diet on HbA1c (%) versus reported intake (Energy %)

The excess effect of 3 or 6 months low to moderate carbohydrate diet compared with high-carbohydrate diet on HbA1c (%) versus reported intake (Energy %)
Effect of Ma-Pi diet versus control diet on change in TNF-α, IL-6, CRP, BAP test, and IGF-1. Effect of Ma-Pi diet versus control diet on change in TNF-α,

Effect of Ma-Pi diet versus control diet on change in TNF-α, IL-6, CRP, BAP test, and IGF-1. Effect of Ma-Pi diet versus control diet on change in TNF-α,
Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) trajectories among children during the first 5 years after diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, stratified by diagnostic era and diagnostic.

Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) trajectories among children during the first 5 years after diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, stratified by diagnostic era and diagnostic.
Patient flow chart: the final prospective study population consisted of 521 individuals, 113 on basal insulin and 408 on OADs. *Plausibility: height (130–230 cm),

Patient flow chart: the final prospective study population consisted of 521 individuals, 113 on basal insulin and 408 on OADs. *Plausibility: height (130–230 cm),
Muscle quality (mean±SE, %) of the patients with NDR, NPDR and PDR

Muscle quality (mean±SE, %) of the patients with NDR, NPDR and PDR
Screening, enrollment, and randomization of study participants (BMI, body mass index; CTG, conventional therapy group; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL-C,

Screening, enrollment, and randomization of study participants (BMI, body mass index; CTG, conventional therapy group; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL-C,
(A) Kaplan-Meier renal survival estimates of patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN), non-diabetic renal disease (NDRD) and mixed groups, adjusting for.

(A) Kaplan-Meier renal survival estimates of patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN), non-diabetic renal disease (NDRD) and mixed groups, adjusting for.
Visceral fat area (VFA, cm2), subcutaneous fat area (SFA, cm2), body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) and waist circumference (WC, cm) levels according to the quartiles.

Visceral fat area (VFA, cm2), subcutaneous fat area (SFA, cm2), body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) and waist circumference (WC, cm) levels according to the quartiles.
Comparison of clinical and functional parameters among non-responders (=1) and responders (≥4) among healthy elderly and elderly patients with T2DM. Comparison.

Comparison of clinical and functional parameters among non-responders (=1) and responders (≥4) among healthy elderly and elderly patients with T2DM. Comparison.
Fasting plasma adiponectin concentration in relation to body mass index (BMI) (A), waist circumference (B), acute insulin response (AIR) (C) and insulin.

Fasting plasma adiponectin concentration in relation to body mass index (BMI) (A), waist circumference (B), acute insulin response (AIR) (C) and insulin.
Subgroup analysis. Subgroup analysis. Effect of vitamin D supplementation on outcome variables in subgroups defined by baseline levels of the respective.

Subgroup analysis. Subgroup analysis. Effect of vitamin D supplementation on outcome variables in subgroups defined by baseline levels of the respective.
Gender differences in diabetes prevalence in 2009 in the general Portuguese population patients and in patients with CAP. Diabetes prevalence is higher.

Gender differences in diabetes prevalence in 2009 in the general Portuguese population patients and in patients with CAP. Diabetes prevalence is higher.
Estimated HR as a function of absolute change in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c; from index to measurement 22–26 months after). Estimated HR as a function.

Estimated HR as a function of absolute change in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c; from index to measurement 22–26 months after). Estimated HR as a function.
Changes in weight and body mass index (BMI) associated with quality improvement. Changes in weight and body mass index (BMI) associated with quality improvement.

Changes in weight and body mass index (BMI) associated with quality improvement. Changes in weight and body mass index (BMI) associated with quality improvement.
Changes over time in (A) waist circumference, (B) BMI, (C) ALT, (D) Matsuda index, (E) AUCglucagon, and (F) ISSI-2, comparing patients with drug-free diabetes.

Changes over time in (A) waist circumference, (B) BMI, (C) ALT, (D) Matsuda index, (E) AUCglucagon, and (F) ISSI-2, comparing patients with drug-free diabetes.
Change in HbA1c and weight compared with baseline variables for the liraglutide group and the placebo group. Change in HbA1c and weight compared with baseline.

Change in HbA1c and weight compared with baseline variables for the liraglutide group and the placebo group. Change in HbA1c and weight compared with baseline.

Similar presentations

Ads by Google