1. BELLWORK: January 24th
Explain the division of Korea. Include how it was divided, why, influence of superpowers and leaders.
Originally the division of Korea was supposed to be temporary, so what changed this? Why was it difficult (impossible) to unite Korea?
THINKER: Neither superpower believed occupation was beneficial and both wanted to withdrawal their troops ASAP, so why did they maintain a presence in Korea?

2. The first “hot war” and “proxy war” 25 June 1950 – 27 July 1953
The Korean War
The first “hot war” and “proxy war”
25 June 1950 – 27 July 1953

3. Background: Russo-Japanese War (1905)

4. Background: Japanese annexation of Korea (1910)

5. Cairo Conference: November 1943
Jiang (& his wife), FDR & Churchill……where was Stalin?
The three powers declared that they were, "mindful of the enslavement of the people of Korea, ... determined that in due course Korea shall become free and independent.”

6. Korea post-WWII
After atomic bombing in August 1945, Soviet forces invaded Manchuria (Yalta Conference)
Continued into Korea but stopped at 38th parallel
US fearful that entire peninsula would fall under Soviet control, so sent occupying forces (Both sides removed by 1949)

7. BELLWORK: January 24th
Explain the division of Korea. Include how it was divided, why, influence of superpowers and leaders.
Originally the division of Korea was supposed to be temporary, so what changed this? Why was it difficult (impossible) to unite Korea?
THINKER: Neither superpower believed occupation was beneficial and both wanted to withdrawal their troops ASAP, so why did they maintain a presence in Korea?

8. A Divided Korea
Division of Korea was the result of an Allied victory in WWII
Ended Japan’s 35-year colonial rule
US and USSR agreed to temporary occupation
Zone of control & division along 38th parallel
Purpose of occupation was to establish a Korean provisional government that would eventually become free and have elections (formal divide – 1948… why no elections??)
Republic of Korea (ROK - South Korea)
Supported by the U.S. and UN
Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK - North Korea)
Supported by Soviet Union & China

9. Allied Occupation of Korea
Captured North Korean women were sometimes raped and forced to work as sex slaves – comfort women

10. South Korean citizens protest Allied occupation (trusteeship)

11. Discuss: Korean Leaders
Syngman Rhee
Kim Il-Sung

12. Syngman Rhee 1945 - leader of provisional government in ROK
Appointed by US because he was pro-Western and anti-communist
After elections in 1948, became first president of South Korea
Extremely oppressive and unpopular in South Korea
Was openly hostile/aggressive towards the North = U.S. suspicious!

13. Kim Il Sung
Leader of North Korea from its establishment (1948) until his death (1994)
Member of CCP (Fought in CCW)
A Major in the Soviet Red Army during WWII
Soviets installed him as leader of prov.gov. in December 1945
Created Korean People’s Army (KPA) with direct aide from Stalin
In 1948, the DPRK was established and Kim was chosen as premier (against UN)
Began to consolidate control in 1949 (anti-U.S. rumors, prison camps, purges, speeches)
Changing relations w/ Mao & USSR during CW

14. Kim’s form of communism = Juche
Self-reliancy!
Anti-foreigner

15. Failed re-unification
Both sides want to unite Korea through force, but can’t do it alone…
South: Rhee needed aide from US/UN (U.S. feared aide = war)
North: Not strong enough militarily; needed USSR/China (Stalin initially refused, but changed his mind…)
South Korean general election: 1948

16. North Korea’s Cult of Personality
Kim Il Sung
Kim Jong Il
Kim Jong Un
2011-present

17. North Korea’s Cult of Personality

18. BELLWORK: January 25th
What did NSC-68 rule? How did this impact the war?
Explain the roles of Stalin & Mao in starting the War.
How was the UN involved in the Korean War?
THINKER: Why were people critical of UN involvement in the war? Do you agree?

19. Failed re-unification
Both sides want to unite Korea through force, but can’t do it alone…
South: Rhee needed aide from US/UN (U.S. feared aide = war; $150M for econ assistance & education)
North: Not strong enough militarily; needed USSR/China (Stalin initially refused, but changed his mind…)
South Korean general election: 1948

20. NSC-68 & U.S. Involvement
What did NSC-68 rule? How did this impact the war?
Sec. of State Acheson
Pacific Perimeter Speech

21. Explain the roles of Stalin & Mao in starting the Korean War.
Exclusion of Korea in sphere, U.S. withdrawal from Japan & Soviet intelligence that U.S. disliked Rhee caused Stalin to change his position!

22. Welcome celebration for the Red Army in Pyongyang (October 1945)

23. How was the UN involved in the Korean War?
Why were people critical of UN involvement in the war? Do you agree?

24. The Fighting Sides NORTH: 1,642,600 total SOUTH: 972,334 total
DPRK: 266,600
PRC: 1,350,000
USSR: 26,000
ROK: 602,000
UN 
U.S.: 326,000
U.K.: 14,000
Canada: 8,000
Turkey: 5,000
Australia: 2,000
Philippines: 1,500
New Zealand: 1,300
Thailand, Ethiopia, Greece, France, Colombia, Belgium, South Africa, the Netherlands and Luxembourg ~ <1,000

25. General Douglas MacArthur
How was he involved in WWII?
In charge of UN forces in Korea
Under his command, forces launched an amphibious invasion at Incheon and were successful in pushing the North Koreans back.
Urged the US to use the atomic bomb against China……caused his dismissal in 1951.

28. The entire war in four maps…..

29. North Korea invades South June 24, 1950

30. US/UN Response September – October 1950
US troops invade at Inchon
UN intervenes & captures Pyongyang

31. China Enters War November 1950
Pushed UN forces back and captured Seoul

32. Stalemate March 1951-March 1953
UN-ROK coalition
Negotiations begin in 1951 (why?) and demilitarized zone is established
Armistice formally reestablished division of Korea

34. Review Activity

39. 20th Century Battlefields: Korea