1. Bell Ringer (Roughly) Where was the Eastern Roman Empire?
Why did the Roman Empire split in two?

2. Bell Ringer Who was Justinian? What did he do?
What Does excommunicate mean?
What does iconoclasm mean?

3. CH. 6: Byzantine Empire

4. Constantine the Great Roman Emperor from 306-337AD
Constantine was considered a good emperor who sought to greatly improve Rome
He created a new gold coin to fight inflation
He restructured the Government
He changed the Military to be more mobile to fight barbarian invasion
He would win a great victory at Malvina Bridge, and on his death bed would convert to Christianity
"in hoc signo vinces“, Chi Rho
This gave him full control of the Eastern Half of the Roman Empire
He issued the Edict of Milan which called for the toleration of Christianity in the Roman Empire
Constantine the Great

5. Battle of Malvina Bridge

6. Creation
The Byzantine Empire was created by the Roman Emperor Constantine.
The Roman Empire was split into two because it was believed to large to rule.
The Byzantine Empire was seen as “New Rome”

7. This “New Rome” was to be built on the foundation of the ancient Greek colony of Byzantium
While the (Western) Roman Empire is believed to have collapsed around 476, the Byzantine Empire will last another 1,000 years
Because of the time when it is founded many Byzantines identified themselves as Romans and Christians, but most spoke Greek not Latin

8. Why Choose Here?
The Capital will be renamed Constantinople after Constantine.
Byzantium/Constantinople/Istanbul
The City has water on 3 sides making it easily defensible.
Giant chains were placed in the harbor to prevent unwanted ships from entering.
It is located geographically between east and west
Had a multiethnic feel, sewer system, hospitals, orphanages, and elderly homes

9. Justinian I
Justinian will be ruler during a riot. He will lead the army against them at the urging of his wife, and 30,000 citizens are killed.
With a portion of the City being destroyed Justinian saw the opportunity to rebuild.

10. Latin Writing

11. Justinian will build new roads, bridges, baths, parks, roads, hospitals, etc.
One of the finest works, the Hagia Sophia (Holy Wisdom) still exists today.

12. Justinian Code Justinian will also be known for other reasons.
Due to its geographic location Constantinople had a variety of laws.
Justinian had a group of scholars remove repeated laws, improve bad laws, add new laws.
This would be known as the Justinian Code, and Western Societies are based from it.

13. The church of the Byzantine Empire will be the Eastern Orthodox Church (starts as part of the Roman Church)
Orthodox means “agreement in right belief.”
This references the fact that the church believes its teachings go back to the message from Jesus and the early Bishops.
The Emperor will be the head of the Eastern Orthodox Church making them extremely powerful.
Church

14. Church Structure Top: Emperor
Patriarch: Picked by Emperor, #2 in terms of religious matters.
Bishops & Priests
Priests could marry, but Bishops could only be selected from unmarried Priests.

15. The Church will be very similar to the Catholic Church.
They will pay special attention to Saint Basil (helped reform the mass) and Saint Cyril (created Cyrillic Alphabet)
Pantocrator: Found in All E.O.C. Means “creator of all”

16. Cyrillic Alphabet

17. Icons
Icons: art work depicting Saints and Jesus

18. Emperor Leo III will see the prayer and worship of Icons as offensive to God.
He will order icons smashed (Iconoclasm)
Pope Gregory III will take offense to this, especially when it happens in Italy
Leo will revoke the Iconoclasm, but Gregory no long trust the Byzantine Empire
Iconoclasm

19. Holy Roman Empire
Pope Gregory III, no longer seeing the Byzantine Empire as a reliable ally will look for new support.
He will find Charlemagne, King of the Franks
He will support Charlemagne in the creation of the Holy Roman empire, the Church’s new defender

22. 1054
In an effort to reassert Byzantine control, all Catholic churches will be closed in the Byzantine Empire.
The Pope will excommunicate the Patriarch of Constantinople, which will cause the patriarch to excommunicate the Pope (he can’t)
The two churches will be split until 1964