1. National Cooperative Highway Research Program 25-25, Task 110
REVIEW OF HISTORIC PROPERTY IDENTIFICATION SURVEYS AND STRATEGIES FOR MANAGING POST-WORLD WAR II HOUSING IN TRANSPORTATION PROJECTS
National Cooperative Highway Research Program 25-25, Task 110
This slideshow presents the results of the Review Of Historic Property Identification Surveys And Strategies For Managing Post-world War Ii Housing In Transportation Projects, a National Cooperative Highway Research Program project.

2. Acknowledgments
This study was conducted for the AASHTO Committee on the Environment and Sustainability, with funding provided through the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Project 25-25, Task 110, National Synthesis of Successful Strategies for Managing Post-World War II Resources in Historic Property Identification Surveys.
The opinions and conclusions expressed or implied are those of the research agency that performed the research and are not necessarily those of the Transportation Research Board (TRB) or its sponsoring agencies. This report has not been reviewed or accepted by the TRB Board Executive Committee or the Governing Board of the National Research Council. The project was managed by Ann Hartell, NCHRP Senior Program Officer.
NCHRP Panel Members:
Tony Opperman, Virginia DOT
Chris Bell, Oregon DOT
Jody Brown, California DOT
Roy Jackson, Florida DOT
Jacob Woodcock, Iowa DOT
Kristen Zschomler, Minnesota DOT
Emily Pettis, Mead & Hunt
David Clarke, Federal Preservation Officer, FHWA Liaison
Project Team
Camilla Deiber, Louis Berger
Steven Bedford, Louis Berger
We would like to acknowledge the NCHRP Task 110 Panel members who provided insightful comments and feedback at every stage of the project. The report was prepared by Louis Berger U.S., Inc. Camilla Deiber and Steven Bedford were co-principal investigators.

3. NCHRP 25-25, Task 110 Research Objective
Synthesize specific approaches DOTs have implemented to identify and evaluate the historic significance of post-World War housing since the 2012 release of NCHRP Report 723, A Model for Identifying and Evaluating the Historic Significance of Post-World War II Housing.
Have agencies used the model in NCHRP Report 723?
How do we know what’s working?
What successes have DOTs and SHPOs had regarding post-World War II housing survey and evaluation?
NCHRP Task 110 is a follow-on project to NCHRP Report 723, A Model for Identifying and Evaluating the Historic Significance of Post-World War II Housing. The research objective of the project was to synthesize specific approaches that DOTs have implemented to identify and evaluate the significance of postwar housing. A synthesis of these successes will provide Departments of Transportation (DOTs), State Historic Preservation Offices (SHPOs), and other agencies with valuable information that may assist in the development of their own approaches. A secondary objective of the project was to understand how DOTs and other agencies have used the information in Report 723.

4. NCHRP Report 723:
A Model for Identifying and Evaluating the Historic Significance of Post-World War Housing
Develop a practical, consistent, efficient, and useful approach to the identification and evaluation of post-World War II resources.
Key Sections:
Survey Methodology
National Historic Context
Model Context Outline and Model
Where are we today?
The goal of NCHRP Report 723, which was completed in 2012, was to develop a practical, consistent, efficient, and useful approach to the identification and evaluation of postwar resources that can be used within the framework of Section 106. The specific objectives of the project were threefold: develop a methodology for identification and evaluation of National Register eligibility of postwar single family housing, develop a national historic context, and develop a model historic context for a state or region and to apply and test that model in a separate state or region to demonstrate its utility to state DOTs and SHPOs). The methodology, for the most part, follows the standard procedures of identifying survey requirements, project scoping, and preliminary research. However, the report included a streamlined survey methodology that focused on survey of postwar subdivisions and neighborhoods as a whole with only individual intact examples of typical forms and styles being singled out for individual survey.

5. NCHRP 25-25, Task 110
Project Activities
Summary of Methodology and Growth Statistics for Sample Communities
State of Practice Survey and Matrix
In-Depth Survey
Case Studies
To achieve the goal of synthesizing successes in survey and evaluation of post-World War II housing, the project team completed a number of project activities, including a summary of Methodology and Growth Statistics for Sample Communities, a state of practice matrix, a series of in-depth interviews with SHPOs and DOTs, and a technical report summarizing the findings of the project. This presentation will cover the methodology for each of these project activities and the results of the work.
(The illustrations show two postwar ranch houses on North Underwood in East Falls Church, Virginia.)

6. Summary of Methodology and Growth Statistics
Sample Communities
State of Practice
In-Depth Survey
Case Studies
Summary of Methodology and Growth Statistics
Ground-truth post-World War II housing trends
Digital data
Online GIS
Parcel datasets
Search engines
Historic aerial photography
Archival records
Miami/Dade County, FL
Nassau County, NY
Phoenix, AZ
Wake County, NC
The purpose of this project activity is to provide a summary of methodologies used for gathering growth statistics for sample communities. Studying housing growth statistics is one way to ascertain where post-World War II tract housing is likely to occur, effectively ground-truthing the assumptions regarding post-World War II housing trends. Eight communities were included in the summary:
Fort Worth, Texas
Phoenix, Arizona
Kansas City, Missouri
Miami/Dade County, Florida
Nassau County (Long Island), New York
Raleigh, North Carolina
Los Angeles County, California
Prince Georges County, Maryland
These communities represented different regions of the country and different levels of access to digital housing data. Most communities for this study had some digital data relating to housing available, either in an online parcel viewer or as downloadable parcel or subdivision data. Digital data in the form of shapefiles or geodatabases, when available, were used to analyze growth statistics for the sample communities. As you can see from the four examples shown, digital data can quickly reveal postwar development patterns both at a large scale, showing how a particular city has grown over time, and on a small scale, illustrating how each neighborhood developed. In Miami/Dade County, Florida, parcel centroids with building construction dates and subdivision boundaries show how each subdivision developed, whether it was built all within a few years or expanded over time. Review of post-World War II growth statistics through various forms of GIS data reveals that certain types of data are appropriate for different scales of analysis. Areas with high concentrations of post-World War II housing can be easily identified with these data and taken into account when doing long-range planning for projects. Online GIS parcel viewers, database search engines, and aerial photography are best suited for analysis of post-World War II housing trends in smaller geographic areas.

7. State of Practice Survey
Sample Communities
State of Practice
In-Depth Survey
Case Studies
State of Practice Survey
Purpose and Methodology
Purpose
Identify all state DOTs and SHPOs that have developed or are in the process of developing a post-World War II housing survey and evaluation program
Methodology
Literature Review
Screening Survey
To understand the state of practice for post-World War II housing survey and evaluation, the project team conducted an extensive literature review. This was supplemented by a screening survey to identify all state DOTs and SHPOs that have developed or are in the process of developing a post-World War II housing survey and evaluation program. As methodologies and approaches are often developed for Section 106 undertakings, it was likely that successful approaches would not be gleaned from the literature review alone. Understanding the current state of practice of post-World War II housing survey and evaluation methodologies was critical to effectively target state DOTs and SHPOs for the collection of successful postwar housing strategies.

8. State of Practice Survey
Sample Communities
State of Practice
In-Depth Survey
Case Studies
State of Practice Survey
Results
Screening survey sent to both DOTs and SHPOs.
Twenty-nine out of 50 states responded.
Six states submitted responses from both agencies.
Thirty-nine responses were received from 29 out of 50 states, a 58 percent response rate. Six states submitted responses from both agencies. In some agencies multiple staff within the agency responded.

9. State of Practice Survey
Sample Communities
State of Practice
In-Depth Survey
Case Studies
State of Practice Survey
Results: Awareness and Use of NCHRP Report 723
Awareness of NCHRP Report 723
Use of NCHRP Report 723 Model
The majority of respondents were aware of NCHRP Report 723, but few had used the model from that report. Although many reported that they did not use the model from the report, some may have used other aspects of the report, such as the streamlined methodology or evaluation guidelines.

10. State of Practice Survey
Sample Communities
State of Practice
In-Depth Survey
Case Studies
State of Practice Survey
Results: Resources of Concern
Post-World War II Areas of Concern
Suburban Developments
Rural Residences
In-Fill Housing
Most respondents were concerned with both types of resources—only two were concerned with in-fill housing alone. Many of these agencies have experience in dealing with suburban developments but remain perplexed about the best methodology to determine the significance of individual post-World War II housing resources. Agencies also expressed concern regarding evaluation of residential cellars/fallout shelters constructed during the post-World War II period as well as public housing developments from the period.

11. State of Practice Survey
Sample Communities
State of Practice
In-Depth Survey
Case Studies
State of Practice Survey
Results: Post-World War II Methodologies
The majority of respondents reported developing some strategy to address post-World War II housing resources. They developed survey approaches, most often followed by historic contexts.

12. In-Depth Survey Methodology In-Depth Questionnaire
Sample Communities
State of Practice
In-Depth Survey
Case Studies
In-Depth Survey
Methodology
In-Depth Questionnaire
Sent to 17 agencies (12 DOTs and 5 SHPOs)
Questions
NCHRP Awareness and Use
Established Approaches and Methodologies
Funding Sources
Who Initiated Development
Alternative Survey and Evaluation
Collaboration
Obstacles and Successes
The in-depth survey involved a series of questions sent to 17 agencies, all of which were selected to gather a wide range of knowledge and expertise on the subject matter and to determine if the agency has used the model from NCHRP Report 723. All participants were asked about awareness and use of Report 723. Those agencies that had little or no established approach for surveying and evaluating post-World War II housing resources were given a different set of questions from those that had established approaches.
(The illustration shows a postwar house at rd Rd North in East Falls Church, Virginia.)

13. In-Depth Survey Results Seven DOTs and three SHPOs responded
Sample Communities
State of Practice
In-Depth Survey
Case Studies
In-Depth Survey
Results
Seven DOTs and three SHPOs responded
Nationwide Historic Context most useful to agencies, followed by Survey Methodology
Some difficulties in adopting survey methodology from NCHRP Report 723
Funding sources varied
Ten agencies responded to the in-depth questionnaire. Maryland and Georgia DOTs have two of the most fully developed approaches to the survey and evaluation of post-World War II housing in the country. Oklahoma, Nevada, and South Carolina have begun to develop approaches. Alaska, Washington, and Utah either have limited need for these approaches or have just begun to develop them.
Two agencies reported difficulty with adopting the Report 723 selective survey methodology. One agency had instructed consultants to adopt the Report 723 survey methodology, but the consultants had been reluctant to comply with the request and continued to conduct comprehensive survey. One agency had success in persuading consultants to adopt the methodology; however, they encountered issues when the SHPO did not approve of the survey product.
Funding to finance post-World War II housing studies and methodologies came from a variety of sources, including project-level funding, Historic Preservation Funds, in-house staff time, and volunteer time. Two respondents indicated project funding and in-house staff as the funding source.

14. Case Studies Digging Deeper
Sample Communities
State of Practice
In-Depth Survey
Case Studies
Case Studies
Digging Deeper
Additional Insight into Post-World War II Approaches
Why did agencies develop approaches?
How much collaboration with other agencies was involved?
How was the initiative funded?
Did all agencies accept the resulting approaches?
How much was NCHRP Report 723 used in the development of the approach?
The interview process was designed to elicit additional details regarding the issue of post-World War II housing survey and evaluation and the approaches that states developed. Some key questions included:
Why did agencies develop approaches?
How much collaboration with other agencies was involved?
How was the initiative funded?
Did all agencies accept the resulting approaches?
How much was NCHRP Report 723 used in the development of the approach?
Six states were interviewed and included as case studies for the project:
Georgia, Indiana, Maryland, Nevada, Oklahoma, and South Carolina

15. Sample Communities
State of Practice
In-Depth Survey
Case Studies
Case Studies
Results
Late 2000s when most SHPOs/DOTs began to grapple with post-war housing
Widely Varying Funding Sources
Collaboration between DOTs and SHPOs Ensures Success
Good historic context is backbone of an effective post-war program.
“To Each His Own”
SHPOs and DOTs began to see an increasing number of post-war housing in their projects in the late 2000s. This increase prompted these agencies to develop historic contexts and survey methodology that would help understand these resources and deal with their large numbers. These studies were funded using in-house staff time, project funds, and external sources such as grant funding. Whether the work was initiated by SHPO or DOT, collaboration between the two agencies is key to ensuring success. The backbone of most programs is a statewide historic context, without which evaluation of post-war housing can be subjective. Overall, the results of the screening survey and in-depth interviews show that each state approaches this issue in its own way. Some states adopted aspects of NCHRP Report 723; while others developed their own program according to their needs.

16. NCHRP 25-25 Task 110 Conclusion
For More Information Visit the Project Website:
The National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) produces ready-to-implement solutions to the challenges facing transportation professionals. NCHRP is sponsored by the individual state departments of transportation of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). NCHRP is administered by the Transportation Research Board (TRB), part of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.  Any opinions and conclusions expressed or implied in resulting research products are those of the individuals and organizations who performed the research and are not necessarily those of TRB; the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; or NCHRP sponsors.
For more information and resources, you can consult the TRB project website.
(The illustration shows a postwar house at 2831 Van Buren, East Falls Church, Virginia.)