1. Station 1: Why Is Energy Efficiency an Important Energy Resource?
Improvements in energy efficiency could save at least a third of the energy used in the world and up to 43% of the energy used in the United States
We have a variety of technologies for sharply increasing the energy efficiency of industrial operations, motor vehicles, appliances, and buildings

2. Station 1: We Use Energy Inefficiently
Energy efficiency
How much useful work we get from each unit energy
Advantages of reducing energy waste
Usually the cheapest way to provide more energy
Reduces pollution and degradation
Slows global warming
Increases economic and national security

3. Station 1: We Use Energy Inefficiently (cont’d.)
Four widely used devices that waste energy
Incandescent light bulb
Motor vehicle with internal combustion engine
Nuclear power plant
Coal-fired power plant

4. Station 2: We Can Improve Energy Efficiency in Industry and Utilities
Cogeneration
Combined heat and power (CHP)
Two forms of energy from same fuel source
Replace energy-wasting electric motors
Recycle materials
Switch from low-efficiency incandescent lighting to higher-efficiency fluorescent and LED lighting

5. Hidden prices in gasoline
Station 2: We Can Improve Energy Efficiency and Save Money in Transportation
Hidden prices in gasoline
Should be $12/gallon
Car manufacturers and oil companies lobby to prevent laws to raise fuel taxes
Build or expand mass transit and high speed rail
Encourage biking

6. Station 2: More Energy-Efficient Vehicles Are on the Way
Superefficient and ultralight cars
Gasoline-electric hybrid car
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle
Energy-efficient diesel car
Electric vehicle with a fuel cell

7. Station 2: Why Are We Still Wasting So Much Energy and Money?
Energy remains artificially cheap
Government subsidies
Tax breaks
Prices don’t include true cost
Few large and long-lasting incentives
Government rebates
Low-interest loans
Lack of education

8. Station 3: We Can Design Buildings That Save Energy and Money
Green architecture
Creating buildings with the environment in mind
Living or green roofs
With specially designed soil and vegetation
Superinsulation
No need for heating system

9. Station 3: We Can Save Money and Energy in Existing Buildings
Conduct an energy audit:
Insulate and plug leaks
Use energy-efficient windows
Stop other heating and cooling losses
Heat houses more efficiently
Use energy-efficient appliances
Use energy-efficient lighting
Use motion sensors to turn lights on and off

10. Attic
• Hang reflective foil near
roof to reflect heat.
• Use house fan.
• Be sure attic insulation is
at least 30 centimeters
(12 inches).
Outside
Plant deciduous trees to block
summer sun and let in winter
sunlight.
Bathroom
• Install water-saving toilets,
faucets, and shower heads.
• Repair water leaks promptly.
Other rooms
• Use compact fluorescent
lightbulbs or LEDs and avoid
using incandescent bulbs
wherever possible.
• Turn off lights, computers, TV,
and other electronic devices
when they are not in use.
• Use high efficiency windows;
use insulating window covers
and close them at night and
on sunny, hot days.
• Set thermostat as low as you
can in winter and as high as
you can in summer.
• Weather-strip and caulk doors,
windows, light fixtures, and
wall sockets.
• Keep heating and cooling
vents free of obstructions.
• Keep fireplace damper closed
when not in use.
• Use fans instead of, or along
with, air conditioning.
Kitchen
• Use microwave rather than
stove or oven as much as
possible.
• Run only full loads in
dishwasher and use low- or
no-heat drying.
• Clean refrigerator coils
regularly.
Basement or utility room
• Use front-loading clothes washer. If possible run only full loads with warm or cold water.
• Hang clothes on racks for drying.
• Run only full loads in clothes dryer and use lower heat setting.
• Set water heater at 140° if dishwasher is used and 120° or lower if no dishwasher is used.
• Use water heater thermal blanket.
• Insulate exposed hot water pipes.
• Regularly clean or replace furnace filters.
Figure 16-10: Individuals matter: You can save energy where you live. Question: Which of these things do you do?
Stepped Art
Fig , p. 411

11. Station 4: What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Solar Energy?
Passive and active solar heating systems can heat water and buildings effectively
The costs of using direct sunlight to produce high-temperature heat and electricity are coming down

12. Station 4: We Can Heat Buildings and Water with Solar Energy
Passive solar heating system
Absorbs and stores heat from the sun directly within a well-insulated structure
Active solar heating system
Captures energy from the sun in a heat- absorbing fluid

13. Passive or Active Solar Heating
Trade-Offs
Passive or Active Solar Heating
Advantages
Disadvantages
Net energy is moderate (active) to high (passive)
Need access to sun 60% of time during daylight
Very low emissions of CO2 and other air pollutants
Sun can be blocked by trees and other structures
Figure 16-14: Heating a house with passive or active solar energy system has advantages and disadvantages (Concept 16-2). Questions: Which single advantage and which single disadvantage do you think are the most important? Why? Do you think that the advantages of using these technologies outweigh their disadvantages?
High installation and maintenance costs for active systems
Very low land disturbance
Moderate cost (passive)
Need backup system for cloudy days
Fig , p. 415

14. Station 4: We Can Cool Buildings Naturally
Technologies available
Open windows when cooler outside
Use fans
Superinsulation and high-efficiency windows
Overhangs or awnings on windows
Light-colored roof
Geothermal pumps