1. Hypertension in renal parenchymal disease: Why is it so resistant to treatment? 
V.M. Campese, N. Mitra, D. Sandee 
Kidney International 
Volume 69, Issue 6, Pages (March 2006)
DOI: /sj.ki
Copyright © 2006 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
This schema summarizes current concepts linking renal damage with increased sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity. Renal damage/ischemia stimulates afferent pathways, which integrate with key brain structures involved in the noradrenergic control of blood pressure. The central mediator of this pathway appears to be angiotensin II, which stimulates SNS activity through specific angiotensin-1 (AT1) receptors. Specific blockers of these receptors abrogate central SNS activation mediated by renal injury. Efferent SNS pathways may cause hypertension and contribute to cardiovascular and renal damage.
Kidney International  , DOI: ( /sj.ki )
Copyright © 2006 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions