1. The Ottomans Build a Vast Empire

2. The Ottoman Empire

3. Turks Move Into Byzantium
Many Anatolian Turks were ghazis- warriors for Islam
Osman
Followers called Ottomans
Built Muslim state in Anatolia
Modernized warfare allows them to continue to expand

4. The Ottomans Replaced archers with musket-carrying foot soldiers
Used cannons in war

5. The Ottomans Osman’s son, Orhan I takes over
Declares himself sultan- overlord, one with power
1361- capture Adrianople- 2nd most important city in Byzantine Empire

6. Powerful Sultans Spur Expansion
Murad II takes over-
Defeated Venetians, invaded Hungary, crushed Italian crusaders

7. Powerful Sultans Spur Expansion
Mehmed II (Mehmed the Conqueror)-
Wants Constantinople controlled the Bosporus Strait- controls access from Asia to Balkans
Used 26 foot guns firing 1200 pound boulders
Dragged greased ships over hills into the harbor to attack

8. Powerful Sultans Spur Expansion
Mehmed II takes over Constantinople
Opens it to people of all backgrounds and religions
City is rebuilt and is now called Istanbul

9. Ottomans Take Islam’s Holy Cities
Selim the Grim-
1514- takes Mecca, Medina and Cairo

10. Suleyman the Lawgiver Known in West as Suleyman the Magnificent
Captures Belgrade, Rhodes, dominated the eastern Mediterranean and invades Austria
Waged war on Europe, North Africa and Central Asia
Becomes the most powerful
monarch in the world

11. Suleyman the Lawgiver
Devshirme- sultan’s army drafted boys from people they conquered
Janissaries- elite force of 30,000 who were loyal to the sultan only

12. Suleyman the Lawgiver Structuring society-
Creates laws for criminal and civil actions
Simplified and limited taxes
Limited government bureaucracy
In accordance with Islamic law- allowed freedom to worship to other religious groups

13. Suleyman the Lawgiver Art and literature flourish under him
Loved to study poetry, history, geography, astronomy, math and architecture
Builds Mosque of Suleyman
Similar to the European Renaissance

14. The Empire Slowly Declines
Suleyman killed his ablest son, drove another into exile and left his empire to Selim II
Selim II is incompetent
Sets stage for future sultans
Had brothers strangled
Kept sons prisoner, cutting them off from education or contact with the world