1. 10/27 Daily Catalyst Pg. 40 Endosymbiotic Theory
1. You are given an unknown cell. Under your microscope you observe multiple mitochondria. From your findings, what type of cell is it?
2. A population in HWE, has 34% of the population exhibiting hybrid characteristics. Calculate the percentage of the population with the dominant allele.
3. Describe three organelles involved in protein synthesis.

2. 10/27 Daily Catalyst Pg. 40 Endosymbiotic Theory
1. You are given an unknown cell. Under your microscope you observe multiple mitochondria. From your findings, what type of cell is it?
Could be a plant or animal cell
2. A population in HWE, has 34% of the population exhibiting hybrid characteristics. Calculate the percentage of the population with the dominant allele.
More information is needed
3. Describe three organelles involved in protein synthesis.
RibosomesERGolgi Apparatus

3. 10/27 Class Business Field Trip form and $5 by Tuesday
Cell Test on Thursday
Quiz on Wednesday
M.C. on cells, HWE, reading graphs
Tutoring on Wed. until 3:50
Test corrections due Wednesday after break

4. 10/27Agenda Daily Catalyst Class business Endosymbiotic theory notes
Homework: Reading
Reading quiz on Tuesday

5. Key vocabulary: endosymbiotic, prokaryotic, and eukaryotic
10/27 Objective
We will be able to use representations and models to describe differences in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Skills: label diagrams, comparing and contrasting, and linking structure to function.
Key vocabulary: endosymbiotic, prokaryotic, and eukaryotic

6. Review
Which of the following structures is common to plant and animal cells?
A. Chloroplast
B. Wall made of cellulose
C. Tonoplast
D. Mitochondrion
E. Centriole D

7. Review Which of the following structure-function pairs is mismatched?
A. nucleolus; ribosome production
B. lysosome; intracellular digestion
C. Ribosome; protein synthesis
D. Golgi; protein trafficking
E. Microtubule; muscle contraction E

8. Cells of the pancreas will incorporate radioactively labeled amino acids into protein. This “tagging” of newly synthesized proteins enables a researcher to trace the location of these proteins in a cell. In this case, we are tracking an enzyme that is eventually secreted by pancreatic cells. Which of the following is more likely the pathway for movement of this protein in the cell.
A. ER Golgi Nucleus
B. Golgi ER lysosome
C. Nucleus ER Golgi
D. ER Golgi vesicles that fuse with the membrane
E. ER Lysosomes vesicles that fuse with the membrane D

9. Cells: Prokaryote vs Eukaryote

10. Life can be divided into two categories:
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
Eu: True
Karyote: Nucleus

11. Eukaryotes are bigger and more complicated
Organelles
Chromosomes
Multicellular
Animal and plant cells

12. Eukaryotes contain membrane-bounded organelles
Mini “organs” that have unique structures and functions
Located in cytoplasm

13. Examples of specialized euk. cells
liver cell: specialized to detoxify blood and store glucose as glycogen.

14. sperm cell: specialized to deliver DNA to egg cell

15. Mesophyll cell
specialized to capture as much sunlight as possible
inside a leaf

16. How did organelles evolve?
In 1981, Lynn Margulis popularized the “Endosymbiont Theory.”
Many scientists theorize that eukaryotes evolved from prokaryote ancestors.

17. Key Point #1: Endo = inside Symbiont = relationship

18. Endosymbiont theory (briefly):
Key Point #2: A prokaryote ancestor “eats” a smaller prokaryote
The smaller prokaryote evolves a way to avoid being digested, and lives inside its new “host” cell kind of like a pet.
Key Point #3: The two cells evolve in a way they can no longer live independently form one another
This is an example of a symbiotic relationship

19. http://www.biology.iupui.edu/biocourses/N100/2k2 endosymb.html
1. Define aerobic and anaerobic
2. How is the replication of the mitochondria and chloroplast evidence for the endosymbiotic theory?
3. Explain 5 similarities between mitochondria & chloroplasts and bacterial cells 4. Describe the benefits to both an aerobic cell and an anaerobic cell that may have allowed for the formation of a mutually benefitting relationship to occur. 5. Explain why there are 2 lipid bilayers around both mitochondria and chloroplasts
6. How is the mitochondria DNA proof of the endosymbiotic theory?
Time: 15 minutes

20. The small prokaryotes that can do photosynthesis evolve into chloroplasts, and “pay” their host with glucose.
The smaller prokaryotes that can do aerobic respiration evolve into mitochondria, and convert the glucose into energy (ATP) the cell can use.
Key Point #4: Both the host and the symbiont benefit from the relationship (mutualism)

21. The bolded words are important to proks!
Key Point #5: Evidence
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
Double Membrane
Divide by binary fission
Produces ATP
Circular DNA
Double Membrane
Divide by Binary Fission
Uses sunlight for photosynthesis
Circular DNA
The bolded words are important to proks!

22. Chlorella are tiny green cells that live inside some amoeba
Chlorella are tiny green cells that live inside some amoeba... endosymbiosis may still be evolving today!

23. How are plant and animal cells different?
Now that we have seen how similar plant and animal cells are how are they different?

24. Directions: Compare and contrast plant and animal cells using a venn diagram.

25. Structure
Animal cells
Plant cells
cell membrane
Yes
yes
nucleus
nucleolus
ribosomes ER
Golgi
centrioles no
cell wall
mitochondria
cholorplasts
One big vacuole
cytoskeleton

26. Life can be divided into two categories:
Prokaryote
Pro: Before
Karyote: Nucleus
Eukaryote
Eu: True

27. Prokaryote cells are smaller and simpler
Commonly known as bacteria
~.5 microns in size (tiny)
Single-celled(unicellular)

29. These are prokaryote
E. coli bacteria on the head of a steel pin.

31. Prokaryote cells are simply built
capsule: slimy outer coating
cell wall: tougher middle layer
cell membrane: delicate inner skin

32. Prokaryote cells are simply built (example: E. coli)
cytoplasm: inner liquid filling
DNA in one big loop
pilli: for sticking to things
flagella: for swimming
ribosomes: for building proteins

33. Prokaryote lifestyle unicellular: all alone colony: forms a film
filamentous: forms a chain of cells

34. Prokaryote Feeding Photosynthetic: energy from sunlight
Disease-causing: feed on living things
Decomposers: feed on dead things

35. Advantages of each kind of cell architecture
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
simple and easy to grow
can specialize
fast reproduction
multicellularity
all the same
can build large bodies

36. Cell Structures Cell membrane
delicate lipid and protein skin around cytoplasm
found in all cells

37. Nucleus
a membrane-bound sac evolved to store the cell’s chromosomes(DNA )
has pores: holes

38. Nucleolus
inside nucleus
location of ribosome factory
made or RNA

39. mitochondrion
makes the cell’s energy
the more energy the cell needs, the more mitochondria it has

40. Ribosomes
build proteins from amino acids in cytoplasm
may be free- floating, or
may be attached to ER
made of RNA

41. Endoplasmic reticulum
may be smooth: builds lipids and carbohydrates
may be rough: stores proteins made by attached ribosomes

42. Golgi Complex
takes in sacs of raw material from ER
sends out sacs containing finished cell products

43. Lysosomes
sacs filled with digestive enzymes
digest worn out cell parts
digest food absorbed by cell

44. Centrioles
pair of bundled tubes
organize cell division

45. Cytoskeleton made of microtubules found throughout cytoplasm
gives shape to cell & moves organelles around inside.

46. Structures found in plant cells
Cell wall
very strong
made of cellulose
protects cell from rupturing
glued to other cells next door

47. Vacuole
huge water- filled sac
keeps cell pressurized
stores starch

48. Chloroplasts
filled with chlorophyll
turn solar energy into food energy

49. Eukaryote cells can be multicellular
The whole cell can be specialized for one job
cells can work together as tissues
Tissues can work together as organs

50. How do animal cells move?
Some can crawl with pseudopods
Some can swim with a flagellum
Some can swim very fast with cilia

51. Pseudopods means “fake feet” extensions of cell membrane
example: ameoba

52. Flagellum/flagella large whiplike tail
pushes or pulls cell through water
can be single, or a pair

53. Cilia fine, hairlike extensions attached to cell membrane
beat in unison

54. 1. d
2. c
3. a
4. e
5. b
6. f
7. d
8. d
9. b
10. a
11. a
12. c

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