1. Optic Flow
Objects moving away from us indicate we are moving in the opposite direction
Objects moving towards us indicate we are moving forwards

2. Gestalt Laws of Perception
Closure
We see things as complete wholes rather than segmented parts
Continuation
We interpret things to look like smooth continuities rather than abrupt changes
E.g. Kanizsa triangle
We perceive a triangle rather than 3 ‘pacman’ shapes
Even though there is no triangle!
Proximity
Elements placed together are perceived to be part of the same object rather than separate ones
i.e. we see columns of stars rather than just separate stars placed near each other
Similarity
Objects that look the same are perceived as being together
‘birds of a feather flock together’
The spots which look similar are grouped and this, combined with proximity makes us see lines of spots rather than a group of different coloured spots
Gestalt Laws of Perception

3. Closure
We see things as complete wholes rather than segmented parts
Continuation
We interpret things to look like smooth continuities rather than abrupt changes
E.g. Kanizsa triangle

4. Proximity
Elements placed together are perceived to be part of the same object rather than separate ones
Similarity
Objects that look the same are perceived as being together
(‘birds of a feather flock together’)