1. ICT Innovation and ITU Houlin Zhao Deputy Secretary-General, ITU
International Telecommunication Union
ICT Innovation and ITU
At the 10th China Beijing International High Tech Expo International Forum on China High-Tech Development Beijing, 25 May 2007
Houlin Zhao Deputy Secretary-General, ITU

2. Evolution of telecommunication systems
Telecommunication system development
1837: Invention of telegraph
1876: Bell patent his telephone invention
1895: First radio relay system
1902: First radio transmissions of the human voice
1920: Sound-broadcasting by Marconi company
1957: First satellite
1963: First telecommunications satellite
Telephone switching systems
: Cross-bar
: Research electronic switching
1960: Software production
: 1st generation, space-division SPC
: Time-division digital centralized SPC
1980-: Time-division digital distributed SPC
Evolution of telecommunication systems

3. Evolution of computer technologies
Electronic computer generations
1945: 1st generation, with tubes
1958: 2nd generation, with transistors
1963: 3rd generation, with integrated circuits
1975: 4th generation, with microprocessors
1990s: 5th generation, with artificial intelligence
Semi-conductor / solid state components generations
1950: Transistors
1970: Integrated circuits
1975: LSI (Large Scale Integration)
1980: VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration)
Evolution of computer technologies

4. Telecommunications technology evolution
Telegraph: Morse Code  telegraph  telex (wireless) (wired + wireless)
Telephone: analogue  digital  IP Telephony
Network Switch: manual, automatic (mechanic), SPC (circuit switch, packet switch), ISDN/B-ISDN, TMN, NGN
Data: PSS, connectionless, internet
Transmission: cable, submarine cable, optical fibre, microwave, radio; broadband, PCM, DSL, LAN, DWDM, CWDM, TDM, SDH, FR, ADPCM, OTN, PON, GPON
Coding: Voice coding, fax coding, still image coding, moving image coding (MPEG)
TV: black and white, colour, high definition TV, digital TV, Cable TV, IPTV
Mobile/cellular: analogue, digital (GSM, CDMA), IMT-2000 (3G), Mobile TV
Radio: SOS, VHF/UHF, LF/MF broadcasting, satellite, space communications
Languages: CHILL, TTCN, ASN.1, etc.
Other areas: QoS, security, numbering and addressing, tariff and accounting, etc.
New topics:
LAN, WLAN, Wi-Fi, WiMax, ENUM, IPv6, Universal access, Multilingual internet
Home networking , IPTV, RFID
also
Spam, virus, phishing, hackers, …
Telecommunications technology evolution

5. Economic growth is highly influenced
The average annual economic growth in Germany between 1960 and 1990 was 3,3 %.
By DIN
Standards 27,3 %
Capital 48,5 %
Licenses 15,2 %
Patents
3,0 %
Labour
6,0 %
Economic growth is highly influenced
by standards

6. ITU Landmarks 1837 Invention of the first electric telegraph
1844 Samuel Morse sent his first public message over a telegraph Iine between Washington and Baltimore
17 May 1865 Foundation of the “International Telegraph Union” with the adoption of the “First International Telegraph Convention”
Alexander Graham Bell patents his invention of the telephone
1906 First “International Radiotelegraph Convention” signed
1924 Paris - Creation of CCIF (International Telephone Consultative Committee)
1925 Paris - Creation of CCIT (International Telegraph Consultative Committee)
1927 Washington - Creation of the CCIR (Intl. Radio Consultative Committee)
1932 Madrid - Plenipotentiary Conference. Telegraph Union changes name to
International Telecommunication Union
1947 ITU becomes a Specialized Agency of the United Nations
1956 Geneva - CCIF and CCIT merged into CCITT (International
Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee)
1992 Geneva - Plenipotentiary Conference. Creation of 3 Sectors:
ITU-T replaces CCITT, ITU-R replaces IFRB, CCIR, and ITU-D replaces TCD
ITU Landmarks

7. China in ITU China joined ITU in 1920
People’s Republic of China resumed its rights in ITU as of May 1972
Ministry of Information Industry is a recognized Chinese Administration in ITU
China is a member of ITU Council (46 members)
7 Sector Members including:
Alcatel Shanghai Bell, China Mobile, China Netcom, China Telecom, China Unicom, Huawei and ZTE are ITU Sector Members
6 Sector Members from Hong Kong, 3 from Macao
Chinese Universities: BUPT; NUPT; XUPT; Zhejiang University; Tsing Hua University, etc…
Mr. Houlin Zhao, Director of TSB since 1999 and Deputy Secretary-General since January 2007
China in ITU

8. Chinese experts in ITU Phase I – 1973-1980s: Learning period
Learning, observing, collecting information; very few contributions
A few experts nominated as Vice-Chairmen of SGs in 1980s
Phase II – 1990s: Transition period
More contributions, more delegates (individuals often changed)
One expert was nominated as Chairman of SG 12 in 1996
Mr. Zhao was elected as Director of TSB in 1998
Phase III – 2000: Active period
Chinese nominated as Vice-Chairman of ITU-T SG 4 at WTSA-2000, Montreal, Canada
TD-SCDMA accepted as one IMT-2000 technology in ITU-R Recommendations in 2000
IP over SDH (Rec. X.85) approved in 2000, Geneva, Switzerland
Chinese expert nominated as Vice-Chairman of ITU-R SG 1, Istanbul, Turkey
Mr. Zhao re-elected in 2002
China elected as Vice-Chairman of WTSA-04, Florianópolis, Brazil
Five Chinese experts were nominated as Vice-Chairmen of various ITU-T SGs at WTSA-04
More substantial contributions; more delegates (Chinese delegations become No. 1 from Asia, and often No. 2 after the US delegations; Huawei, ZTE, China Telecom, etc. very active)
CCSA, AVS and another forum in China established a status with ITU-T under ITU-T Rec. A.4, A.5 and A.6
Phase IV: Among leaders?
Chinese experts in ITU

9. Rankings (2005 vs 2004) of “Financial Times”
- World’s most respected companies (50): Microsoft (1), IBM (5),
Siemens (10), Dell (11), Sony Ericsson (18), Nokia (25), Cisco (30), Samsung (32)
- World’s most respected business leaders (50): Zhang Ruimin, Haier (26)
- Best for shareholder value (10): Microsoft (1), IBM (9)
- Best turnaround (10): IBM (3), Microsoft (5), Samsung (9)
- Best for customer service (10): IBM (3), Microsoft (4)
- Best for innovations (10) nominated by CEOs: Microsoft (1),
Sony Ericsson (5), IBM (6), Nokia (9), Samsung (10)
- Best for innovations (10) nominated by fund managers:
Microsoft (1), Nokia (10)
Rankings (2005 vs 2004) of “Financial Times”
18 November 2005

10. See you in ITU, Geneva Thank you Houlin Zhao
ITU Deputy Secretary-General
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