1. Houlin Zhao Deputy Secretary-General, ITU ICT Innovation and ITU International Telecommunication Union At the 10 th China Beijing International High Tech Expo International Forum on China High-Tech Development Beijing, 25 May 2007

2. International Telecommunication Union 2 Telecommunication system development 1837:Invention of telegraph 1876:Bell patent his telephone invention 1895:First radio relay system 1902:First radio transmissions of the human voice 1920:Sound-broadcasting by Marconi company 1957:First satellite 1963:First telecommunications satellite Telephone switching systems 1935-1950:Cross-bar 1950-1960:Research electronic switching 1960:Software production 1965-1975:1st generation, space-division SPC 1970-1985:Time-division digital centralized SPC 1980-:Time-division digital distributed SPC Evolution of telecommunication systems

3. International Telecommunication Union 3 Electronic computer generations 1945:1st generation, with tubes 1958:2nd generation, with transistors 1963:3rd generation, with integrated circuits 1975:4th generation, with microprocessors 1990s:5th generation, with artificial intelligence Semi-conductor / solid state components generations 1950:Transistors 1970:Integrated circuits 1975:LSI (Large Scale Integration) 1980:VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) Evolution of computer technologies

4. International Telecommunication Union 4  Telegraph:Morse Code  telegraph  telex (wireless) (wired + wireless)  Telephone:analogue  digital  IP Telephony  Network Switch:manual, automatic (mechanic), SPC (circuit switch, packet switch), ISDN/B-ISDN, TMN, NGN  Data:PSS, connectionless, internet  Transmission:cable, submarine cable, optical fibre, microwave, radio; broadband, PCM, DSL, LAN, DWDM, CWDM, TDM, SDH, FR, ADPCM, OTN, PON, GPON  Coding:Voice coding, fax coding, still image coding, moving image coding (MPEG)  TV:black and white, colour, high definition TV, digital TV, Cable TV, IPTV  Mobile/cellular:analogue, digital (GSM, CDMA), IMT-2000 (3G), Mobile TV  Radio:SOS, VHF/UHF, LF/MF broadcasting, satellite, space communications  Languages:CHILL, TTCN, ASN.1, etc.  Other areas:QoS, security, numbering and addressing, tariff and accounting, etc. New topics:  LAN, WLAN, Wi-Fi, WiMax, ENUM, IPv6, Universal access, Multilingual internet Home networking, IPTV, RFID also  Spam, virus, phishing, hackers, … Telecommunications technology evolution

5. International Telecommunication Union 5 Standards 27,3 % The average annual economic growth in Germany between 1960 and 1990 was 3,3 %. By DIN Capital 48,5 % Licenses 15,2 % Patents 3,0 % Labour 6,0 % Economic growth is highly influenced by standards

6. International Telecommunication Union 6 1837Invention of the first electric telegraph 1844Samuel Morse sent his first public message over a telegraph Iine between Washington and Baltimore 17 May 1865Foundation of the “International Telegraph Union” with the adoption of the “First International Telegraph Convention” 1876Alexander Graham Bell patents his invention of the telephone 1906First “International Radiotelegraph Convention” signed 1924Paris - Creation of CCIF (International Telephone Consultative Committee) 1925Paris - Creation of CCIT (International Telegraph Consultative Committee) 1927Washington - Creation of the CCIR (Intl. Radio Consultative Committee) 1932Madrid - Plenipotentiary Conference. Telegraph Union changes name to International Telecommunication Union 1947ITU becomes a Specialized Agency of the United Nations 1956Geneva - CCIF and CCIT merged into CCITT (International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee) 1992Geneva - Plenipotentiary Conference. Creation of 3 Sectors: ITU-T replaces CCITT, ITU-R replaces IFRB, CCIR, and ITU-D replaces TCD ITU Landmarks

7. International Telecommunication Union 7 China joined ITU in 1920 People ’ s Republic of China resumed its rights in ITU as of May 1972 Ministry of Information Industry is a recognized Chinese Administration in ITU China is a member of ITU Council (46 members) 7 Sector Members including:  Alcatel Shanghai Bell, China Mobile, China Netcom, China Telecom, China Unicom, Huawei and ZTE are ITU Sector Members  6 Sector Members from Hong Kong, 3 from Macao Chinese Universities: BUPT; NUPT; XUPT; Zhejiang University; Tsing Hua University, etc … Mr. Houlin Zhao, Director of TSB since 1999 and Deputy Secretary-General since January 2007 China in ITU

8. International Telecommunication Union 8 Phase I – 1973-1980s: Learning period  Learning, observing, collecting information; very few contributions  A few experts nominated as Vice-Chairmen of SGs in 1980s Phase II – 1990s: Transition period  More contributions, more delegates (individuals often changed)  One expert was nominated as Chairman of SG 12 in 1996  Mr. Zhao was elected as Director of TSB in 1998 Phase III – 2000: Active period  Chinese nominated as Vice-Chairman of ITU-T SG 4 at WTSA-2000, Montreal, Canada  TD-SCDMA accepted as one IMT-2000 technology in ITU-R Recommendations in 2000  IP over SDH (Rec. X.85) approved in 2000, Geneva, Switzerland  Chinese expert nominated as Vice-Chairman of ITU-R SG 1, Istanbul, Turkey  Mr. Zhao re-elected in 2002  China elected as Vice-Chairman of WTSA-04, Florianópolis, Brazil  Five Chinese experts were nominated as Vice-Chairmen of various ITU-T SGs at WTSA-04  More substantial contributions; more delegates (Chinese delegations become No. 1 from Asia, and often No. 2 after the US delegations; Huawei, ZTE, China Telecom, etc. very active)  CCSA, AVS and another forum in China established a status with ITU-T under ITU-T Rec. A.4, A.5 and A.6 Phase IV: Among leaders? Chinese experts in ITU

9. International Telecommunication Union 9 -World’s most respected companies (50): Microsoft (1), IBM (5), Siemens (10), Dell (11), Sony Ericsson (18), Nokia (25), Cisco (30), Samsung (32) -World’s most respected business leaders (50): Zhang Ruimin, Haier (26) -Best for shareholder value (10): Microsoft (1), IBM (9) -Best turnaround (10): IBM (3), Microsoft (5), Samsung (9) -Best for customer service (10): IBM (3), Microsoft (4) -Best for innovations (10) nominated by CEOs: Microsoft (1), Sony Ericsson (5), IBM (6), Nokia (9), Samsung (10) -Best for innovations (10) nominated by fund managers: Microsoft (1), Nokia (10) Rankings (2005 vs 2004) of “Financial Times” 18 November 2005

10. International Telecommunication Union 10 See you in ITU, Geneva Thank you Houlin Zhao ITU Deputy Secretary-General dsg@itu.int@itu.int Tel: +41 22 730 5595 Fax: +41 22 730 5137