1. Fast-track congenital heart operations: a less invasive technique and early extubation 
Stefano M Marianeschi, MD, Francesco Seddio, MD, Doff B McElhinney, MD, Luisa Colagrande, MD, Raul F Abella, MD, Teresa de la Torre, MD, Marco Meli, MD, Fiore S Iorio, MD, Carlo F Marcelletti, MD 
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 
Volume 69, Issue 3, Pages (March 2000)
DOI: /S (99)

2. Fig 1
The skin incision is made over the lower one-third of the sternum.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (99) )

3. Fig 2 A standard retractor is used after sternal division.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (99) )

4. Fig 3
Exposure is obtained with two retractors demonstrating the feasibility of standard cannulation.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (99) )

5. Fig 4
Postoperative result of the limited skin incision. A single chest tube is inserted.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (99) )

6. Fig 5
Second postoperative day. The length and location of the skin incision is shown in an 11-year-old boy.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (99) )