1. Coastal Landforms

2. Coastal Management
Coastal Management introduction – key terms and ideas
Geographic processes related to Coastal Management
Coastal landforms

3. Coastal Management - overview
The geographical processes relevant to coasts
What are the interactions between natural environment and human elements of the environment?
Coastal landforms
Erosion, transportation and depositional processes
The perceptions of different groups about coastal management
Who are the different groups who use coasts?
How do different groups feel about the way coastal environments are managed?
Individual, group and government responses to coastal management
What are the different ways that individuals can become involved in coastal management?
What groups are involved in managing coasts?
What are the different responsibilities of the different levels of government?
How successful have individuals, groups and different levels of government been at addressing coastal management?

4. Coastal Management - overview
Decision-making processes involved in the management of coasts
Development applications
Council submissions
Council meetings
State legislation
National initiatives
Management of the issue and the implications for sustainability, social justice and equity.
What actions promote
Sustainability
Social justice
Equity

5. COASTAL MANAGEMENT ISSUES
Sand dune destabilisation
Erosion
Coastal developments
Introduced species
Pollution
COASTAL MANAGEMENT ISSUES
Recreational uses
Water quality
Access to the beach

6. Coastal Landforms
There are a variety of different types of coastal landforms. These include:
Beaches Ridges and runnels
Barrier islands Barrier spits
Bay barriers Tombolos
Capes Cliffs
Arches Stacks
Bays Estuaries
Deltas Reefs

7. Landforms - beaches
A beach is an area of sediment accumulation (usually sand) exposed to wave action along the coast. Beaches extend from the low tide level inland to dunes, cliffs, or forests.

8. Landforms – Barrier Islands
Narrow offshore sand ridges form barrier islands that protect the coast from waves.

9. Landforms: Bay barriers
Continuous barrier beaches that close off the entrance to a bay. In the upper

10. Landforms: Barrier spits
Beaches that are attached at one end to their source of sediment.

11. Landforms: Tombolo
A tombolo is when a spit of sand grows outward from the shore, eventually connecting an island to the mainland. The long, narrow strip of sand is called a tombolo.

12. Landforms: Capes
Capes are barrier islands that project into the open sea to form a right angle shoreline.

13. Landforms: Sea Islands
Sea islands: these are islands created by the flooding of the mainland by sea level rise.  

14. Landforms: Sea cliffs
Sea cliffs are created by mass wasting as waves undercut a steep shoreline slope. Along a submerging, steep, rocky coastline irregularities in the shoreline will cause waves to refract and focus at shoreline promontories. These are cut back and along the sides by erosion. Eventually such promontories thin and leave erosional remnants called sea

15. Landforms: Sea cliffs

16. Landforms: Bays
Bays are indentations in the shoreline that form pockets of sheltered sea. Again, many

17. Coastal landforms: Estuaries
An estuary is a coastal wetland where freshwater from runoff and saltwater from tides mix. Most large rivers do not empty abruptly into the sea. Instead, they merge with the

18. Landforms: Coral Reefs
A reef is an organic buildup of carbonate material found fringing parts of the shoreline in the tropics.