1. Gorbachev Moves Toward Democracy
Chapter 19 / Section 3

2. Gorbachev’s Reforms
Mikhail Gorbachev, comes to power in Ends hardcore Communist leadership.
Introduces Glasnost, a policy known as openness. Encourages citizens to find way to improve society.
ALLOWS WHAT?

3. Gorbachev’s Reforms (cont’d)
Perestroika, better known as economic restructuring. People now greater authority over farms, factories, etc. (1985)
Foreign Policy:
Democratization, opening of political system. WHY?

4. Reforms in Poland and Hungary
Poland: Wanted change. Led by Solidarity, a union demanding recognition. RECEIVE IT?
Lech Walesa, led Solidarity.
After a short victory in 1980, Solidarity was put down by Communist Party until
Led to “Domino Effect” in Hungary and East Germany.

5. Communism Falls in East Germany
Starts in 1989 when vacationing East Germans had a new escape route through Hungary.
By October, 1989 the demonstrations broke out for free travel and later free elections.
November 9, 1989 Egon Krenz, leader of East Germany opens borders.

6. Communism Falls in East Germany (cont’d)
When Germany reunified as one country officially on Oct. 3, 1990 many Eastern European nations were soon to follow.
Democracy was spreading East through Czechoslovakia, Romania (Communist killed on Christmas, 1989). Past satellite nations soon.

7. Collapse of the Soviet Union
Chapter 19 / Section 4

8. Unrest in the Soviet Union
With more than 100 ethnic groups throughout the Soviet Union they began to call for freedom as many Eastern European nations had.
PROBLEMS START WHERE?
Lithuania and Independence.
Hard-Liners furious with Gorbachev.
Led to first elected President Boris Yeltsin.

9. Unrest in the Soviet Union (cont’d)
August Coup: August 18, The day hard-liners detained Gorbachev, to drive him from office.
Gorbachev ordered the Parliament raided, (Yeltsin) but soldiers refuse, led to end of the Soviet Union.
Upset Gorbachev resigns and Parliament stops party activities.

10. Unrest in the Soviet Union (cont’d)
Led to all 15 republics declaring independence.
They create the CIS, Commonwealth of Independent States. (Former Soviet territories)
Official death of the Soviet Union.

11. Yeltsin Era
Now President of the CIS Yeltsin had to find a way to fix the economy
Started “shock therapy”, abrupt shift to free market economies.
PURPOSE?
Also had to deal with Chechnya, led to Yeltsin resignation in WHY?

12. Eastern Europe Problems
Conflict in the region. WHY?
Different ethnic groups.
Led to Ethnic Cleansing, policy of murder and other acts of brutality to eliminate a population.
Used in Bosnia, to rid of Muslim population.
Problems continue in all Eastern European nations today.